Global Gene regulation

Question 1

describe E.colis gene pool

Answer 1

> 4000 genes
10^7 proteins
1 protein molecule requires 3000 ATP

Question 2

describe gene pool for pseudomonas

Answer 2

> 5000 genes. <450 genes regulate
response to stimuli

Question 3

helicobacter gene pool description…

Answer 3

1500 genes. 18 regulate response adapted to stimuli

Question 4

match the following
enzyme activity
transcription protein
translation DNA
protein mod RNA

Answer 4

DNA->
transcription + RNA
Translation +protein
protein mod + enzyme activity

Question 5

what is transcriptional control?

Answer 5

mRNA stability and promoter efficiency

Question 6

whats is translational efficiency?

Answer 6

ribosome binding site, codon usage,stringent response

Question 7

what is a key feature of rapid response to the enviroment from mRNA

Answer 7

instability

Question 8

what is a reflection of the intercation between RNA polymerase and the promoter

Answer 8

level of mRNA

Question 9

what does DNA dependant RNA polymerase transcribe

Answer 9

DNA to RNA

Question 10

what does DNA dependant RNA polymerase require

Answer 10

-no primer required
-Mg2+ to operate
-initiation equires promoter

Question 11

what does the structure of E.coli RNA polymerase include?

Answer 11

α,β,β’,ω,σ subunits-RNA polymerase halo enzyme
catalytic site,large enzyme

Question 12

what is the role of E.coli RNA polymerase?

Answer 12

binds transiently and directs the enzyme to specific initiation site

Question 13

what is the reason for having around 1 error every 100 ribonucleases

Answer 13

RNA polymerases lack proofreadig 3’->5’ exouclease activity found in DNA polymerase

Question 14

endospores form due to what encountering stress?

Answer 14

Gram-positive bacterium bacillus subtilis

Question 15

sigma H is present when?

Answer 15

low levels of vegatative expoentially growing Bacillus cells-σ43

Question 16

what triggers sporulation?

Answer 16

starvation

Question 17

what happens during sporulation?

Answer 17

septum forms near one end of the cell,mother cell engulfs spore, mature spore released.

Question 18

what is produced by an SSR event?

Answer 18

sigma k

Question 19

what sigma factor is flagella specific?

Answer 19

factor σ2B

Question 20

what position is promoters present at?

Answer 20

upstream 5’

Question 21

what does low levels of mRNA mean for promoters?

Answer 21

weak promoter and viceversa

Question 22

what is sequence @ -10 element mean?

Answer 22

consensus sequence TATAAT

Question 23

what is consensus sequence TTGACA ?

Answer 23

sequence @ -35 element

Question 24

which sequence is the pribow box?

Answer 24

-10

Question 25

talk about the UP element

Answer 25

AT rich sequence, increased transcription 30-90fold

Question 26

supercoiling and bending are active what?

Answer 26

DNA conformation

Question 27

what does sigma factors determine?

Answer 27

enzyme specificity

Question 28

what group is under control of sigma factors?

Answer 28

regulon

Question 29

what is the primary,housekeeping sigma factor?

Answer 29

σ70

Question 30

σ54 regulates what genes?

Answer 30

heat shock gene