Global Gene regulation Flashcards
describe E.colis gene pool
> 4000 genes
10^7 proteins
1 protein molecule requires 3000 ATP
describe gene pool for pseudomonas
> 5000 genes. <450 genes regulate
response to stimuli
helicobacter gene pool description…
1500 genes. 18 regulate response adapted to stimuli
match the following
enzyme activity
transcription protein
translation DNA
protein mod RNA
DNA->
transcription + RNA
Translation +protein
protein mod + enzyme activity
what is transcriptional control?
mRNA stability and promoter efficiency
whats is translational efficiency?
ribosome binding site, codon usage,stringent response
what is a key feature of rapid response to the enviroment from mRNA
instability
what is a reflection of the intercation between RNA polymerase and the promoter
level of mRNA
what does DNA dependant RNA polymerase transcribe
DNA to RNA
what does DNA dependant RNA polymerase require
-no primer required
-Mg2+ to operate
-initiation equires promoter
what does the structure of E.coli RNA polymerase include?
α,β,β’,ω,σ subunits-RNA polymerase halo enzyme
catalytic site,large enzyme
what is the role of E.coli RNA polymerase?
binds transiently and directs the enzyme to specific initiation site
what is the reason for having around 1 error every 100 ribonucleases
RNA polymerases lack proofreadig 3’->5’ exouclease activity found in DNA polymerase
endospores form due to what encountering stress?
Gram-positive bacterium bacillus subtilis
sigma H is present when?
low levels of vegatative expoentially growing Bacillus cells-σ43
what triggers sporulation?
starvation
what happens during sporulation?
septum forms near one end of the cell,mother cell engulfs spore, mature spore released.
what is produced by an SSR event?
sigma k
what sigma factor is flagella specific?
factor σ2B
what position is promoters present at?
upstream 5’
what does low levels of mRNA mean for promoters?
weak promoter and viceversa
what is sequence @ -10 element mean?
consensus sequence TATAAT
what is consensus sequence TTGACA ?
sequence @ -35 element
which sequence is the pribow box?
-10
talk about the UP element
AT rich sequence, increased transcription 30-90fold
supercoiling and bending are active what?
DNA conformation
what does sigma factors determine?
enzyme specificity
what group is under control of sigma factors?
regulon
what is the primary,housekeeping sigma factor?
σ70
σ54 regulates what genes?
heat shock gene
