Global Diversity Flashcards
Phillip Seargeant
By defining what English language is like, you are defining what English as a nation is like. It is made up of elements from around the world, making it a world language.
“As English became spread abroad it necessarily became mixed and diversified.”
Robert Penhallurick
“English incursions into Welsh territories were significant enough to mark the long process of Anglicisation. These incursions came in the wake of the Normans, who established strongholds in Wales… English can be considered the majority language in England.”
Raymond Hickey
“English was taken to Ireland with British settlers in the 12th century. English’s fate has been linked with the Irish language, which it came to replace”
Lingua Franca
A language used to communicate between two people of different languages
David Crystal
Immigrants into the USA brought a range of language variety, David Crystal states: “The two settlements- one in Virginia and present-day New England had different linguistic backgrounds.
Southern colony brought settlers from several parts of England, coming from the ‘West Country’- whereas the northern settlers came from the east of England.”
Jennifer Jenkins
The first diaspora involved large scale migration of mother-tongue English speakers from England, Scotland and Ireland predominantly to North America, Australia and New Zealand.
Second diaspora took place during the 18th-19th century. In Nigeria, Kenya, India and Singapore, colonisation led to the establishment of second-language varieties, what Jenkins labels ‘New Englishes’
Mario Saraceni
Existing models for explaining the relationship between World Englishes foreground in what he calls ‘the metaphor of “spread”’.
Saraceni believes that rather than English belonging to one group, or one variety being more ‘genuine’, a different approach should be explored.
Braj Kachru
Language use as complex and that in order to impose a central standard, not enough attention has been paid to World Englishes.
Randolph Quirk
It is important to adhere to a standard form of English, with British English informing that standard.
Matthew Engel
“Nowadays, people have no idea when American ends and English begins. We are in danger of subordinating our language to someone else’s.”
Henry Porter
US English attracts people to use its freshness and energy.
“We take from America what we need or what amuses us… provides all sorts of vernaculars and jargons which we hadn’t had the wit to invent”
