Child Language Acquisition- Spoken Flashcards

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1
Q

B.F Skinner

A

Nurture

Language is a formed of learned behaviour, and children are formed as ‘blank slates’.

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2
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

Nature

Language is an innate ability, and all children have a Language Acquisition Device (LAD).

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3
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

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4
Q

Jerome Bruner

A

Social interaction; children need the LAD and LASS (Language Acquisition Support System)

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5
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Language comes with cognitive development e.g object permanence.

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6
Q

Jean Berko Gleason

A

The major finding of the wug test was that children have internalised aspects of the linguistic system that allow them to produce plurals, past tenses, possessives, and other forms of words that they have never heard before.

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7
Q

Holophrastic Stage

A

12-18 months

Single word utterances

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8
Q

Two-Word Stage

A

Around 2 years old

Two-word utterances and no inflections, pronouns are rare

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9
Q

Telegraphic Stage

A

3-4 word utterances, grammatical omission, more accurate syntax

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10
Q

Post-Telegraphic Stage

A

More than 3-4 word utterances

More sophisticated constructions and noun phrase expansions

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11
Q

Plosives and stops

A

(p, b) and (t, k, d, g)

Easiest to pronounce

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12
Q

Fricatives

A

(s, sh, z, th, f)

Most difficult to pronounce

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13
Q

Categorical over-extension

A

Child applies the same word to all items within the same category

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14
Q

Analogical over-extension

A

Child makes connections between items because they have similar characteristics e.g. calling socks, tea-towels and oven gloves ‘blankie’ because they are all made of fabric.

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15
Q

Under-extension

A

Child limits the way a word is used and doesn’t recognise its full meaning e.g. only milk that comes from a particular carton is called ‘milk’.

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16
Q

Mismatch statement

A

Labelling an object completely different to what it is e.g. calling a pond a duck

17
Q

Features of Child-Directed Speech (CDS)

A

-Recasts and expansions
-Explicit turn-taking cues, repetition
-Higher pitch
-Fewer pronouns
-Present tense, omission of past and future tense
-One word/short elliptical sentences
-Fewer verbs/modifiers
-Concrete nouns
-Interrogatives, tag questions, pseudo questions
-Frequent use of imperatives
-Diminutive forms, proto-words
-Affectionate language, phatic language
diexis

18
Q

Grice’s Maxims

A

quality, quantity, relation, manner

19
Q

Halliday’s Language Functions

A
Instrumental
Regulatory
Interactional
Personal
Heuristic
Imaginative
Representational
20
Q

Instrumental

A

Expresses their needs

21
Q

Regulatory

A

Influences the behaviour of others

22
Q

Interactional

A

Forms relationships

23
Q

Personal

A

Expresses feelings or opinions

24
Q

Heuristic

A

Seeks information and asks questions

25
Q

Imaginative

A

Expresses creative language

26
Q

Representational

A

Gives facts or information