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Global Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is aid?

A

Assistance in the form of grants or loans at bellow market rate

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2
Q

What are barriers to trade?

A

Government constraints on the flow of international goods and services such as traffic and quotas

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3
Q

What is bottom up development?

A

Smaller scale developments where the locals people are heavily involved in decisions being made

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4
Q

What is colonialism?

A

Acquiring control over another country occupying it and exploiting it economically

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5
Q

What is the development gap?

A

The difference in income and the quantity of life in general between the richest and the poorest countries (gap is widening)

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6
Q

What is development?

A

Economic or social progress leading to the improvement in the quality of life

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7
Q

What is fair trade?

A

Movement which aims to create long term trading links with producers in developing countries to ensure they receive a fair and guaranteed price for their products

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8
Q

What is food security?

A

When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, food to maintain a healthy and active life

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9
Q

What is foreign aid?

A

Aid supplied to other countries

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10
Q

What is Foreign direct investment?

A

Overseas investment in physical capital by trans national corporations

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11
Q

What is gross domestic product?

A

The total value of goods and services produced by a country each year

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12
Q

What is highly indebt poor countries iniative?

A

Cancellation of world debt organised by IMF and world bank in 1996. So far assistance has been given to 36 countries and the 8 UN development goals

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13
Q

What is the human development index?

A

A combination of GNI per capita, life expectancy and the mean number of years in schooling (a mixture)

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14
Q

What is infrastructure?

A

The framework of things such as roads, buildings, power lines, broadband internet. Draws in businesses and encourages the development of human society

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15
Q

What is irrigation?

A

The addition of water to farmland by artificial mean

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16
Q

What is ingovernment agreement?

A

An agreement between two countries who cooperate in some way

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17
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average age a person is expected to live for

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18
Q

What is literacy rate?

A

The % of the population that can read and write (social)

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19
Q

What is natural increase?

A

The difference between birth and death rates

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20
Q

What. Is NGO?

A

Non governmental organisations eg oxfam

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21
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

The concept of taking internal company functions and paying an outside firm to handle them. Usually in low income countries where they can access cheap labour

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22
Q

What is privatisation?

A

Sale of state own assets to private sector. (Profit making businesses)

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23
Q

What is the political corruption index?

A

It grades a country from “highly corrupt” to “very clean”. When quality of governance is poor, countries have a high level of corruption

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24
Q

Name the top 5 (in order) corrupt countries…

A

Somalia
North Korea
Afghanistan
Sudan
South Sudan

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25
Q

Name the top 5(in order) least corrupt countries….

A

Denmark
New Zealand
Finland
Sweden
Norway

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26
Q

What is public investment?

A

Investment lead by government using tax payers money

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27
Q

What is the quaternary industry?

A

Jobs in science, development and research. Provides intellectual services

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28
Q

What is the replacement level of fertility?

A

The level at which each each generation had just enough children to replace themselves in the population

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29
Q

What is sustainable?

A

Meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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30
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

Development that meets needs of the present without compromising ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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31
Q

What is a trans national corporation?

A

A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment (operate 75%of the worlds trade)

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32
Q

What is top down development?

A

A large scale development usually organised by government or large international companies/ corporations

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33
Q

Name an example of a top down development

A

The sardar Salvador dam

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34
Q

What is top down development?

A

A small scale development usually organised by local people

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35
Q

What was the life expectancy in Japan in 2020?

A

84

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36
Q

Which county occupied Ethiopia between 1936- 1942?

A

Italy

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37
Q

According to the department of international development how much more effective is agriculture in reducing poverty than other forms of growth?

A

4 times

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38
Q

Globally, how many people died due to water related diseases in 2017?

A

840,000

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39
Q

How many airports does Mumbai aim to have by 2040?

A

3

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40
Q

What is the average income in the north east compared to the south east?

A

£17,000 compared to £21,000

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41
Q

What is the average house price in the NE compared to the SE in 2016?

A

£140,000 compared to £280,000

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42
Q

In 2020 what was the average life expectancy in Ethiopia?

A

64

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43
Q

What % of the world currently live in squatter settlements/slums?

A

30%

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44
Q

How many children sadly pass away before their 5th birthday?

A

6 million

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45
Q

How many children in 2010 were not in primary education globally?

A

70million

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46
Q

Globally what proportion of people do to have enough to eat?

A

1 in 9 :(

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47
Q

How many villages were drowned in the construction of the Sardar Sarovar dam?

A

234 forcing out 320,000 people

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48
Q

How many dams were built in India as part of the 2008 programme?

A

4500

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49
Q

How many countries were given aid under the highly indebt poor countries initiative?

A

36 countries

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50
Q

What % of the worlds trade is deemed “fair”?

A

Less than 1%

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51
Q

What was the population of India in 2020?

A

1.3 billion

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52
Q

What % of India’s Population are Hindu?

A

80%

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53
Q

What’s happened to the contribution agriculture plays to India’s GPD?

A

Its decreased from 58% to 26%

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54
Q

What percentage of families live below the poverty line in Bihar in 2012

A

34%

55
Q

How much foreign direct investment occurred in India in 2014?

A

$34,400 million

56
Q

How much international aid did India give between 2015 and 2016

A

$1.3 billion-double what it receives

57
Q

What has happened to the number of people employed in secondary industry in India?

A

It’s gone up from 15% to 22%

58
Q

How many manufacturing locations did Coca-Cola have in India in 2020?

A

57

59
Q

How has tertiary industry change in India since their independence?

A

27% to 52%

60
Q

In 2020 how many people did Coca-Cola employ in India?

A

25,000 people

61
Q

Give evidence to showcase how Coca-Cola has developed infrastructure in India

A

500 rainwater harvesting structures have been built by Coca-Cola

62
Q

How many new jobs in ICT have been created in India between independence in 1949 and 2016?

A

Over 1 million

63
Q

What was the impact on agriculture of Coca-Cola using water in rural India in 2016

A

Harvest dropped by 40% due to poor irrigation as a result of 510,000 L of water being extracted daily

64
Q

How did life expectancy in India change between 1980 and 2015?

A

It increased from 54 years old to 68 years old

65
Q

But what percentage has the population increased since 1990?

A

68%

66
Q

How many broadband connections were there in India in 2013?

A

61 million – most in just five states

67
Q

What does the literacy rate among the male population compared to the female?

A

82% in men compared to 65% in women

68
Q

In 2019, what percentage of India’s population lived in

A

32%

69
Q

What was the average literacy rates in India in 2011

A

74%

70
Q

In what year did the first Starbucks open in India?

A

2012

71
Q

How many tourists visited India in 2016?

A

8.9 million – up 11% from 2015

72
Q

How much of India’s energy could come from renewables by 2040?

A

49%

73
Q

How much did the Sardaar Sarovar dam cost?

A

$8 billion

74
Q

How much land is deforested/disertified each year in India

A
  1. 7 billion Ha
75
Q

By how many years is life expectancy reduced due to air pollution

A

3.2 years for the 660 million living there

76
Q

What is gross domestic product?

A

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year often divided by number of people to give GDP per capita

77
Q

Is gross domestic product and economic, social, political or environmental impact

A

Economic

78
Q

What is literacy rate?

A

The percentage of the population who can read and write

79
Q

Is literacy rate an economic, social, political, or environmental factor

A

Social

80
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average age, a person is expected to live to

81
Q

What is the life expectancy of someone living in the UK?

A
  1. Years old
82
Q

Is life expectancy a social, economic, political, and environmental factor

A

The social factor

83
Q

What is development?

A

The term used to describe how advanced the country is compared to another. It is about standard of living , whether people can afford The things needed to survive, but also the quality of life.

84
Q

What is an economic factor?

A

Personal Wealth/income
Growth of economy
Types of industry
Cost-of-living.
Employment rate
And job security

85
Q

What is a social factor?

A

Anything to do with health, education, housing and recreation

86
Q

What is a technological factor?

A

Anything to do with electricity, Internet access, better farm/industry, machinery

87
Q

What is a cultural factor?

A

Anything to do with democracy, work, life balance, traditional, imported culture balance

88
Q

What is a food security factor?

A

We’re all people at all times, have access to sufficient say, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.

89
Q

How does the GPD growth due to agriculture, reduce poverty?

A

The GPD growth due to agriculture is four times more efficient in reducing poverty and other factors that influence growth

90
Q

What is a water security factor?

A

The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable water use

91
Q

How many people unfortunately die each year from water related disease

A

840,000 people

92
Q

What are the six Different factors that contribute to human development?

A

Economic
Social
Technological
Cultural
Food security
Water security

93
Q

List the four main reasons why the level of development varies between countries

A

Physical
Historical
Economic
Social

94
Q

Explain what physical features of a country can lead to the level of development, varying between Countries

A

A size of a country, climate natural hazards affect the level of development

95
Q

Give an example of a physical reason, why the level of development varies between countries

A

Ethiopia, it is landlocked, meaning it’s hard to trade and challenging climate means difficult to make money off land

96
Q

Explain what historical features lead to the level of development vary between countries

A

Colonial, trading links

97
Q

Give an example of a historical factor that has created a variety of level in development between countries

A

Between 1936 and 1942 Ethiopia was occupied by Italy during this time, money leaked back to Italy

98
Q

Explain what economic factors can cause the level of development to vary between countries

A

Employment, rates and salary and debt

99
Q

Give an example of an economic factor that has led to the level of development varying between countries

A

Ethiopia world that means money made goes to repayments

100
Q

Explain what social factors can lead to the level of development vary in between countries

A

Education and disease

101
Q

Give an example of a social occurrence that has led to the level of development bearing between countries

A

Ethiopia has a high incidence of HIV, meaning population is unable to work

102
Q

How is the scale of , inequality, quantified?

A

Using the Gini coefficient

103
Q

What does a high value on there Gini Coefficient show?

A

More unequal distribution

104
Q

Generally, what do you richer countries have?

A

A smaller income gap than developing countries

105
Q

Which two countries have the lowest inequality rate?

A

Slovenia ( 25.6)
Norway( 25.9)

106
Q

Which country has the largest income gap?

A

South Africa (63.4)

107
Q

What four factors can cause the level of development to vary with in a country?

A

Infrastructure
Skilled workers
Deindustrialisation.
Physical factors

108
Q

Explain how infrastructure can lead to the level of development to vary within a country

A

accessibility to an area
greater connectivity create more investment opportunities

109
Q

Explain how skilled workers can lead to the level of development to vary within a country

A

Infant education means more skilled workers, which means high, earning potential brain drain away from areas of poor education

110
Q

Explain how deindustrialisation can lead to the level of development varying within a country

A

Links with particular industry
A decline of industry following Globalisation

111
Q

Explain how physical factors can lead to the level of development varying within the country

A

The coastline allowed for trade in number

112
Q

What is the development gap?

A

The difference between the richest and the poorest countries

113
Q

What is the highest GDP found?

A

In oil-rich states in the Middle East

114
Q

Listen example of an oil-rich state

A

Qatar and western countries

115
Q

What are the six factors that are the impacts of an even development?

A

Employment
Health
Access to housing?
Education
Technology
Food and water security.

116
Q

Explain how employment has an impact on an even development

A

In the developing countries employment opportunities usually are in informal sector work is limited with people working in lower paid, more labour-intensive jobs

117
Q

Explain how health has an impact on an even development

A

Healthcare is limited in the developing world with fewer doctors and pour facilities

118
Q

Explain how and access to housing has an impact on an even development

A

Many people around the world do not have access to housing
30% of the worlds current population live in slums.
Each year, more than 6 million children Unfortunately, pass away before their fifth birthday

119
Q

Explain how education has an impact on uneven development

A

Literacy rates are lower in the developing world in 2010 there are estimated 17 million people not in primary education. This affects future employment prospects

120
Q

Explain how technology has an impact on uneven development

A

Less investment in technology with few people who have the skills to use it appropriate technology is allowing progress in developing countries

121
Q

What is appropriate technology?

A

Technology that is suitable to the social and economic conditions of the geographical area

122
Q

Explain have food and water security have an impact on uneven development

A

Developing countries lack access to food and clean water, resulting in malnourishment and dehydration. This affects peoples health and ability to work and make money.

123
Q

What is an advantage of top-down development

A

Large-scale investment.
Political support.
Large number of people benefited – multiplier effect.

124
Q

What is the disadvantage of top-down development?

A

Government/politicians removed from local peoples needs
Focused heavily on economic needs
Could exacerbate inequalities
Investment from TNCs can over power locals

125
Q

What is bottom up development?

A

Grass roots development where local people are heavily involved in decisions being made

126
Q

What is the advantage to bottom up development?

A

Small scale investment that aim to benefit small groups
Assisted through actions of NGOs
Cheap
Uses appropriate technology therefore more sustainable

127
Q

What are disadvantages to bottom up development?

A

Small number of people involved
Lacks funding

128
Q

Where is India located?

A

Northern hemisphere. Central Asia. Boarders the Indian Ocean. Shares a boarder with 6 countries

129
Q

What is the political context of India?

A

Regional:
India is the largest country in the southern continent
Population unevenly divided most in 6 states
Global:
2nd most populated country in the world with 1.3 billion
7th largest country in terms of area in 2020

130
Q

What is the social context of India?

A

Social:
Population divided over 29 states
Social ranks known as castes assigned at birth
Global:
Currently, 20 million Indian diasporas (scattered groups) located over 100 counties, money made elsewhere and sent home

131
Q

What is the cultural context of India?

A

Regional:
80% of the population are Hindu
Others include Sikh, Islam and Buddhism
Global:
India is the 3rd largest Islamic population in the world
Bollywood makes 1600 films a year which are watched by 2.7 billion people

132
Q

What is the environmental context of India?

A

India experiences two monsoon seasons a year.
NE occurs in the cooler months and occurs in the hotter months in the SW
large population causes environmental degradation.

133
Q

What are the characteristics of international trade in India?

A

1990s: a rapid rise in imports and exports
2014: 19th in the world for exporting merchandise
8th for exporting Commercial services
Key exports: oil products
Key imports: crude oil, gold, silver and electrical goods

Human Geography (4 decks)

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