Global Culture

Question 1

Cultural pluralism

Answer 1

State in which more than 1 culture coexists + each culture retains its defining characteristics

Question 2

Cultural hybridise

Answer 2

State in which more than 1 culture has mixed together 2 form an entirely new culture

Question 3

Globalisation cause homogeneity

Answer 3

Some ppl believe G = homogeneity in cultures
A homogeneous culture is one where everyone follows a distinct lack = cultural diversity
Cultural pluralism + hybridise describe cultural states

Question 4

Westernised global culture

Answer 4

Globalisation is thought 2 have created more westernised global culture based on western norms + values
Because western countries can be seen 2 be the drivers = globalisation + have spread their own version of culture more widely

Question 5

Cultural diffusion

Answer 5

Refers 2 the way western culture spread around the world
E.g. economies of countries being child = capitalism + string belief in the power of democracy
Globalisation accelerated rate of cultural diffusion where a person lives may no longer be the main source = cultural identity
Different ppl adopt different cultures at different times

Question 6

Cultures can change through

Answer 6

Force
Coercion
Free will

Question 7

Force

Answer 7

Use of hard power (military) 2 impose a change of culture on ppl

Question 8

Coercion

Answer 8

Use of soft power (education + political persuasion) 2 pressure ppl into adopting new cultures

Question 9

Free will

Answer 9

Ppl choose cultures that they find attractive + suit them

Question 10

Players in cultural diffusion

Answer 10

TNCs
Media Corporations

Question 11

TNCs

Answer 11

• largest TNC (wealth + global spread) tend 2 come from USA + Western Europe. Means may of these companies sometimes unintentionally spread western values through = distribution of = goods + services + working practices
• generally products = uniformly manufactured regardless of the market - some TNCs will modify their goods to suit local tastes + needs

Question 12

Media corporations

Answer 12

• global media corporations produce visual, audio + online content that’s quickly + easily spread around the world
• easy for an audience 2 believe there’s a dominant culture. These cases change their cultural outlook 2 match what they experience through media
• small number of corporations produce the majority of mainstream media content - could lead to promotion of a more homogeneous culture

Question 13

Tourists

Answer 13

Tourism + hospitality = large part = economy of many nations. Resorts compete 2 attract tourists + use culture = selling point
Tourist destinations = cultural middle ground - embrace western cultural traits = seem familiar = western tourists
E.g. western food may be used in restaurants + built environment may be designed 2 mimic facilities found = other destinations.

Question 14

Migrants

Answer 14

• move within + between countries - take their cultural traits w/ them
  Many migrants adapt 2 + adopt local cultures once they settle = new location
  May be helped by marrying into new culture
  Other migrants = hybrid of cultures that embraces both their home + host cultures
  Migration allows ppl w/ differing viewpoints 2 come into contact w/ one another + diverse communities can become places = extensive cultural influence

Question 15

Global culture can have a - impact

Answer 15

1) movement towards = global culture based = western values represents = move towards greater levels of consumption
2) have - impact = environment through unsustainable resource use + ecosystem degradation
3) global western culture = likely 2 promote the continuation = global TNCs.
May increase air + water pollution if production methods = poorly polluted + it increases the need 4 air transportation of goods around the world

Question 16

2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro

Answer 16

• Paralympic Games = e.g. of how global culture can help bring equality 2 marginalised ppl + particularly those from developed + emerging economies. Since 1980s participants + followers = para spots + athletes

Question 17

Globalisation had led 2 cultural erosion

Answer 17

1) some cultures may be vulnerable 2 cultural erosion due 2 emergence = more westernised global culture
2) different countries = diff levels of vulnerability 2 cultural erosion. Some sites, languages, traditions = actively protected
E.g. UNESCO World Heritage Sites = designated sites that are placed under international protection due 2 cultural significance

Question 18

Hyperglobalists

Answer 18

See globalisation = somewhat inevitable + unstoppable process
- recognise globalisation has good + bad impacts + accept they will happen = homogeneous global culture

Question 19

Transformationalists

Answer 19

Transformationalists see globalisation as the creator of changing cultural ideas
Globalised world want will be highly interconnected but with new cultural forms as they change + adapt 2 new world circumstances

Question 20

Global sceptics

Answer 20

GS believe there will be no such thing = 1 truly global culture
See the process of globalisation = having an unequal influence

Question 21

E.g. = environmental protection movements that have anti-globalisation + capitalist language in their campaigns

Answer 21

Extinction rebellion advocates immediate action on climate change + also support more equitable governance