Global Commons Treaties

Question 1

the IWC whaling moratorium was set up in………so that all commercial whaling would end by……..
this agreement is legally………

Answer 1

1982
1986
legally binding

Question 2

the international whaling commission (IWC) was established in 19… and covers an area of……..km2.

Answer 2

1946

50 million km2

Question 3

the Madrid Protocol was negotiated in 19…. by UN members and was ratified in 19……. and will protect antarctica from mineral exploitation until its expiry in 20….

Answer 3

1991
1998
2048

Question 4

the UN Frame work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is attempting to tackle……………….

Answer 4

ozone depletion and GHG emissions which have a global impact

Hole in the ozone layer above Antartica is 29 million km2, so this is a crucial issue

Question 5

The Antarctic Treaty and the Antarctic Treaty System of 19….. is responsible for:

Answer 5

1959
Aims to limit the use of new new technology for resource exploitation
The ATS is short, but its 14 artcicles clearly prohibit military activity, but allows scientific research to be carried out and has reduced tension on the continent

Question 6

The ‘Earth Summit’ in ……… in 19….. and Agenda 21 is

Answer 6

• At the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, Agenda 21 was created
• planned a ‘top down’ approach to tackling climate change at a day to day level, with international governance making policies which would filter down to lower levels of governance which would then trigger a response from the ‘bottom up’

Question 7

Agenda 21 received some opposition because

Answer 7

Some people sae it ad an intrusion into their way of life without properly tackling the misconduct of large companies which pose a threat to the environment
However, lifestyle change is an important step in the protection of global commons and allows for a coordinated approach on a local scale with an international overview, so will have a global impact.
However, in real world terms, barely any of Agenda 21’s aims have been implemented

Question 8

The WSSD is:
Occured in ……..
Significance?

Answer 8

The World Summit on Sustainable Development.
In 2002, thousands of nation leaders, NGO leaders and scientists gathered in Johannesburg

Discussed key issues in a changing world, such as how to feed an ever growing population

Question 9

UNEP is:

Answer 9

The UN Environment Programme, set up in 1972 and encourages ‘partnerships in caring for the environment’

Question 10

Positives and negatives of UNEP are

Answer 10

+tives:
Encourages cooperation and the understanding of the common heritage of mankind
-tives:
Only works if all its members agree as it have no legally binding power.
It does not eliminate the threat of exploitation to global commons