global civ final Flashcards
1.What were the main reasons for The Reformation?
sales of indulgences and political corruption
- What was Martin Luther’s view about the sale of indulgences?
angered him, he viewed it as an abuse of church practices
- Why was Luther’s translation of the Bible into German important?
allowed the average person to read and interpret the bible
- Why did King Henry VIII split with the Roman Catholic Church?
he wanted to divorce his wife
what is the council of trent?
council of catholic church, response to reformation ended the sale of indulgences and addressed financial corruption in the catholic church
- Why are the contributions of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton similar and important?
practiced experimentation and observation (scientific method) challenged geocentric theory, proposed/supported heliocentric theory
- Why are da Gama and Columbus important?
european explorers that made new global connections
- How did the conquistadors conquer the Aztecs and the Incas?
with the help of weapons and disease
- What effects occurred due to the arrival of Columbus in the Americas?
colonisation of the americas, enslavement or the natives, the atlantic slave trade, mass death and the spread of diseases, the eschange of plants and animals across the atlantic
- What led to the development of the Triangular trade?
The mass death of native americans left European colonies without a workforce
- What is an absolute monarch?
a king or queen with unlimited power
- What is the Glorious Revolution?
the relatively bloodless coup in which parliament placed william and mary on the throne of england
13.What is the English Bill of Rights?
limited the power of the english monarchy and gave more rights to nobles
- What did Enlightenment thinkers promote or support?
reason, science, religious tolerance and all natural rights (life liberty property) education for all
- According to John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau, how should a leader be chosen?
People are born with natural rights. the purpose of the government is to protect those rights, and if the government fails to do that then the citizens have the right to overthrow the government
- What was the primary cause of the French Revolution?
inequalities in society
ideas of enlightenment
poor leadership by king louis xvi
financial problems
hunger and cold weather
- Who were the bourgeoisie?
middle class
- Who was the leader during the Reign of terror?
robespierre
What was a result of the French Revolution
more power to the middle class
- What document was written during the French Revolution that became part of the first written constitution of France?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - guaranteed liberty equality and fraternity
- Why did the French support Napoleon
because he was a strong military leader, ambitious and smart. He won a lot of battles and he brought back stability and order to france.
- What role did women have during the French Revolution?
writing pamphlets and protesting
- Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Why?
began in great britain when machines were replacing human labor
what is laissez-faire?
the government does not get involved or interfere with businesses run by companies - “allow to do so”
- What were working conditions like during the Industrial Revolution
dangerous - bad, crowded, little pay, hard work.
- Why were labor unions started?
to protect workers rights
- What is the purpose of the assembly line and mass production?
products made quicker and cheaper
- Where did most people move to go to work during the Industrial Revolution?
they moved to larger cities with more factories to give them more work opportunities
- In a socialist society, who controls property and wealth?
the community as a whole
- In a capitalist society, who makes business decisions?
individuals, private owners
- Nationalism would likely develop in an area that has what features?
common customs, language, history
- What were the motives for European imperialism in the 19th century?
the need for raw materials and markets the competition to possess new colonies
christian missionary work
ethnocentrism
- Why did Europe look for colonies in Africa?
competition for raw materials and markets
what is imperialism
a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force
- What are examples of imperialism with specific countries and their colonies?
british control over india, french control over west africa, spanish control over mexico
what is a colony
one country controls the political, economic, and social aspects of another country
- How did the Berlin Conference decide on the borders established for African nations in the late 1800’s?
divide African territory between European nations and the united states
- Main effect of new imperialism?
in africa, imperialism led to the death of many Africans and the destruction of their land
- Which two rebellions tried to resist foreign influence in India and China during the Age of Imperialism?
boxer rebellion, sepoy mutiny
four main causes of ww1
alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism
spark that started ww1
assisination of Franz Ferdinand
- What were the main countries of the Allied Powers at the start of WWI?
Great Britain, France, Russia,
- What type of warfare was used on the Western and Eastern Front in WWI and caused a stalemate in fighting?
trenches
- What were the reasons the US entered WWI?
the sinking of the ship, Lusitania, and suggesting Mexico attack the US via the Zimmerman Note
- What date did WWI end?
november 11, 1918
- What types of weapons were used in WWI?
Bayonets, Rifles, Revolvers, Machine-guns, Grenades, Artillery, Mortars, Tanks, Mines, Barbed wire, flame throwers, torpedoes
- What was the purpose of the German UBoats?
to destroy both trade and supply ships of their enemies
- What treaty was signed at the end of WWI?
Treaty of Versailles
- What were three of the punishments given to Germany in the Treaty of Versailles?
german lands were taken away and given to newly independent poland
germany was forced to pay war reparations and sign a war blame clause
- What happened to the political geography of Europe after WWI?
some countries lost territory and new countries were formed
- Who first led the Bolsheviks?
Vladimir Lenin
