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Global Challenge Questions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of
  2. socialism
  3. imperialism
  4. the natural rights of man
  5. the divine right monarchies
A

Explanation: The natural rights retained by citizens was a major theme of the Enlightenment and was endorsed by Thomas Locke in his Two Treatises of Government(1690), and Jean-Jaques Rousseau in his Social Contract (1762).

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2
Q
  1. Which speaker’s statement best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment?
  • *Speaker A**: Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation.
  • *Speaker B**: The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature.
  • *Speaker C**: All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.
  • *Speaker D:** Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war.
A

Explanation: The natural rights retained by citizens was a major theme of the Enlightenment and was endorsed by Thomas Locke in his Two Treatises of Government(1690), and Jean-Jaques Rousseau in his Social Contract (1762).

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3
Q
  1. Which of these nations is located closet to the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia?
  2. Korea
  3. Vietnam
  4. Somalia
  5. Pakistan
A
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4
Q
  • United States Adopts Economic Sanctions Against South Africa?
  • Chinese Dissidents Imprisoned After Student Protest?
  • Kurds Forced To Flee Northern Iraq?
  1. These headlines are similar in that each refers to the issue of
  2. imperialist expansion
  3. peasant revolts
  4. human rights violation
  5. isolationist policies
A

Explanation: Human rights violations occur in many nations around the world today. The United Nations and others are working to end such abuses in nations such as China and Iraq.

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5
Q
  1. In addition to providing water for Indian agriculture, the Ganges River remains important to India because it is
  2. the only source of Indian hydroelectric power
  3. a sacred river for the Hindu population
  4. the birthplace of Hindu culture
  5. an unofficial boundary between the Hindus and Muslims
A

Explanation: Bathing in the Ganges river is said to wash away sins, and the river water is used in many religious rituals. Many Hindus ask to be cremated along the Ganges and to have their ashes placed in the river.

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6
Q
  1. Which statement best explains why most of the population of the people’s Republic of China live in the eastern third of the nation?
  2. best agricultural land is in the East
  3. largest forests are in the East
  4. best fishing areas are off the eastern coast
  5. largest oil deposits are in the East
A

Explanation: The coastal region of China contain the best agricultural lands as well as access to the Pacific Ocean, making it much easier to live on than the interior of the country which is dominated by deserts and other harsh geographic features.

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7
Q
  1. Which geographic factor has contributed most to the economic growth of Japan, Egypt, and Great Britain?
  2. variety of natural resources
  3. reliable amount of rainfall
  4. abundance of arable land
  5. access to important waterways
A

Explanation: Access to important waterways, such as the Pacific Ocean for Japan, the Nile River for Egypt, and the Atlantic Ocean for Great Britain often leads to trade, an important factor in the economic growth of these nations.

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8
Q
  1. During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they
  2. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
  3. favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions
  4. received support from the Catholic Church
  5. examined natural laws governing the universe
A

Explanation: Explaining the world through the use of natural laws was commonplace for both scientists wishing to explain natural phenomenon and philosophers concerned with the nature of man and government.

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9
Q
  1. In Japan, a major economic problem has been the lack of
  2. natural resources
  3. investment capital
  4. skilled labor
  5. experienced management
A

Explanation: The Japanese archipelago has very limited natural resources, which is the primary barrier to economic development there.

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10
Q
  1. The Russian steppe is most similar in topography to the
  2. mountains in Switzerland
  3. deserts in the Middle East
  4. rainforests in South America
  5. savannas in Africa
A

Explanation: The savannas in Africa and steppes of Russia are both described as vast grassy plains.

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11
Q

“. . .The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.”—Bishop Jacques Bossuet

  1. This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the
  2. existed during the
  3. Age of Absolutism
  4. Renaissance
  5. Industrial Revolution
A

Explanation: Divine right was a theory championed by absolute monarchs in Europe, such as Louis XIV of France, who felt that because he had been born into royalty, his power and authority to rule was derived from God

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12
Q
  1. Which generalization about geography of Latin America is accurate?
  2. geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
  3. harsh climatic conditions have prevented the development of large-scale agriculture
  4. the lack of geographic barriers facilitated the development of transportation and communication systems
  5. great variations in latitude and landforms resulted in a diversity of climates
A

Explanation: Latin America stretches from the Rio Grande River, continues past the Equator, and finally ends just north of Antarctica. Latin America also contains a variety of landforms including the Andes Mountains, the Amazon River Basin, Brazilian Highlands, and various deserts. Due to the variations in latitude and landforms, Latin America contains several different types of climate such as humid sub-tropical, humid continental, as well as dry desert regions.

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13
Q
  1. Geographic diversity in the Middle East has contributed to
  2. unequal standards of living
  3. a common economic system
  4. similar political systems
  5. military alliances with Japan
A

Explanation: While some nations in the Middle East have large reserves of oil, others do not, and therefore have little of value to trade with the rest of the world.

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14
Q
  1. A topographical map would most likely be used to
  2. identify the major agricultural products of Egypt
  3. determine the population of Beijing, China
  4. estimate the elevation of Bangkok, Thailand
  5. count the number of provinces in India
A

Explanation: Topographical maps show the lay of the land, and thus would be ideal for use in estimating the elevation of Bangkok, Thailand.

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15
Q
  1. Which historical events are in the correct chronological order?
  2. Crusades -> Renaissance -> Neolithic Revolution -> Roman Empire
  3. Roman Empire -> Neolithic Revolution -> Crusades -> Renaissance
  4. Renaissance ->Neolithic Revolution -> Crusades -> Roman Empire
  5. Neolithic Revolution -> Roman Empire -> Crusades -> Renaissance
A

Explanation: The Neolithic Revolution caused the development of agriculture and allowed humans to settle for the first time. The Roman Empire was was one of the most expanisve human civilizations ever recorded, but ended when tribes from Northern Europe invaded and finally took over Rome. Pope Urban II then launched the Crusades to kill all Muslims living in the Holy Land. This encouraged cultural diffusion which led to the rebirth of Europe, known as the Renaissance.

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16
Q
  1. Westernization in Russia came about largely through the
  2. efforts of Peter the Great and his successors
  3. invasion of Russia by Sweden
  4. desire of the United States to seek new markets
  5. acceptance of the policies of the Eastern Orthodox Church
A

Explanation: Peter the Great helped to westernize Russia by creating new laws aimed at curtailing traditional customs, and by building the modern city of St. Petersburg, which he called his “window to the West.” His successors, such as Catherine the Great, continued this trend by adopting other western ideas such as those from the Enlightenment.

17
Q

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

  1. The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of
  2. Niccolo Machiavelli
  3. Charles Darwin
  4. Charlemagne
  5. John Locke
A

Explanation: The natural rights retained by citizens was a major theme of the Enlightenment and was endorsed by Thomas Locke in his Two Treatises of Government(1690).

18
Q
  1. The Suez Canal, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar are important because they
  2. prevent attacks on bordering nations
  3. control access to vital trade routes
  4. limit Russian access to warm-water points
  5. prohibit the movement of ships carrying nuclear weapons
A

Explanation: Each of these geographic features are examples of strategic waterways from around the world. They are strategic because they provide access to vital trade routes.

19
Q
  1. Which geographic factor has most strongly influenced Russia’s foreign policies and economic development?
  2. lack of natural resources
  3. vast desert regions
  4. limited access to warm-water ports
  5. extensive mountain ranges
A

Explanation: Historically, Russia has been land-locked due to the fact that much of its water access is located in the northern part of the country and is frozen for most of the year. This makes trading difficult because ships cannot get through these frozen waters safely. Events such as the Crimean War, in which Russia sought to gain control of the Dardanelles Strait between the Black and Aegean Seas, illustrates how this geographic factor has influenced Russia’s foreign policies.

20
Q
  1. According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
  2. acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
  3. considered an economic burden for the colonial power
  4. grated independence as soon as possible
  5. encouraged to develop their own industries
A
21
Q
  1. Which idea about leadership would Niccolo Machiavelli most likely support?
  2. leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve their goals
  3. leaders should fight against discrimination and intolerance
  4. leaders should listen to the desires of the people
  5. elected leaders should be fair and good
A
22
Q
  1. A major environmental problem affecting Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia has been
  2. air pollution
  3. Deforestation
  4. disposal of nuclear waste
  5. acid rain
A

Explanation: Deforestation is the widespread destruction of forests, primarily the tropical rain forests of Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. This is of worldwide concern because of its potential effects on the environment, such as global warming due to an increase in carbon dioxide.

23
Q
  1. In Mexico and India, the Green Revolution has been successful because it has
  2. promoted democratic reform
  3. increased agricultural productivity
  4. introduced western culture and values
  5. established economic equality among the people
A
24
Q
  1. Which fact about China has been the cause of the other three?
  2. the economy of China has trouble providing for all the needs of the people
  3. the Chinese government has set limits on the number of children families may have
  4. Chinese cities have a severe shortage of housing
  5. China’s population exceeds one billion
A
25
Q
  1. One reason for the collapse of the Communist economic system in Eastern Europe during the early 1990’s was that this system
  2. lacked adequate incentives to maintain high productivity
  3. used the principles of mercantilism
  4. encouraged laissez-faire practices and policies
  5. relied on the outdated law of supply and demand
A
26
Q
  1. During the 1980’s, Mikhail Gorbachev introduced Perestroika in the Soviet Union to
  2. improve the economy and decentralize decision making
  3. abandon arms treaties with the United States and Western Europe
  4. tighten government controls over the communication media
  5. suppress the growing nationalist movements in Eastern Europe
A

Explanation: Perestroika was an economic policy aimed at increasing production and strengthening the economy by introducing free market principles.

27
Q
  1. Which type of government did Ayatollah Khomeini establish as a result of the Iranian Revolution in 1979?
  2. constitutional monarchy
  3. fundamentalist Islamic state
  4. democratic republic
  5. radical Marxist regime
A

Explanation: The revolution of 1979 ended the westernization and modernization of Iran, and set up a traditional government and society based upon the Koran.

28
Q
  1. A major factor that continues to contribute to terrorist activities in the Middle East is
  2. a decrease in crude oil prices on the world market
  3. the Palestinian effort to establish a homeland
  4. the presence of United Nations forces in Syria
  5. the worldwide rejection of violence as a means to end conflict
A

Explanation: Since the creation of Israel in 1948, the Palestinians have been denied a homeland of their own. This has caused violence between the Israelis and the numerous terrorist organizations that support the Palestinian cause.

29
Q
  1. “A wind has been blowing from the West; now it will begin to blow from the East.” — Mao Zedong, 1949 Which idea was Mao Zedong expressing in this quotation?
  2. The monsoons will soon shift and bring destruction to the mainland of Asia.
  3. Chinese culture will no longer influence the people of Asia.
  4. European power will decline as a new center of power emerges in Asia.
  5. The Asian people have much to learn from the Western Europeans.
A

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