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Uncategorized > Global 2 > Flashcards

Global 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?
  2. feudalism became the dominant political system
  3. the use of reason and logic were discouraged
  4. technology and science were considered unimportant
  5. a new questioning spirit and attitude emerged
A

Explanation: Thinkers during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment questioned tradition and sought answers based on their own observations and interpretations of the world around them.

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2
Q
  1. During the Cold War Era (1945-1990), the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because of
  2. the peacekeeping role of the United Nations
  3. pressure from nonaligned nations
  4. the potential for global nuclear destruction
  5. increased tensions in the Middle East
A

Explanation: Bother superpowers had nuclear capabilities, and it was believed that a direct confrontation between them could lead to a nuclear war.

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3
Q
  1. Between the Meiji Restoration and World War II, Japan tried to solve the problem of its scarcity of natural resources by
  2. exporting agricultural products in exchange for new technology
  3. establishing a policy of imperialism
  4. building nuclear power plants
  5. cooperating with the Soviet Union to gain needed resources
A

Explanation: Japan became imperialistic during this time period, seeking colonies as a source of raw materials and new markets for their products.

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4
Q
  1. In Japan, the Meiji Restoration resulted in the
  2. division of the nation between the European powers
  3. modernization of the nation’s industry
  4. abolition of the position of emperor
  5. government being controlled by the samurai
A

Explanation: After being reinstated as the political leader of Japan after Commodore Perry’s visit in 1853, the Emperor Meiji feared that Japan would become a victim of Western imperialism as had happened to its neighbor China. Therefore, he set out on a program of rapid industrialization designed to put Japan on par with nations in the West.

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5
Q
  1. The major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was that the treaty led to
  2. an era of peace and international good will in Germany
  3. a stable Germany that was both democratic and strong
  4. an increase in Germany’s desire to regain its power and prestige
  5. a leadership position for Germany in the League of Nations
A

Explanation: The Treaty of Versailles was a humiliating end of the war for Germany. The treaty contained unrealistic monetary reparations, large territorial losses, and most importantly, the “war guilt” clause. The war guilt clause blamed Germany entirely for the war. This in turn led Germany to seek a return to its former status among nations.

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6
Q
  1. John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to support
  2. a return to feudalism in Europe
  3. a government ruled by a divine right monarchy
  4. a society ruled by the Catholic Church
  5. a society in which the people chose the ruler
A

Explanation: Locke and Rousseau’s ideas from the Enlightenment formed the basis of modern democracy.

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7
Q
  1. One similarity in the leadership of Latin Americas Jose de San Martin, Toussaint l’Ouverture, Bernanrdo O’Higgins, and Pedro I was that each leader
  2. opposed United States intervention in Haiti
  3. led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of his nation
  4. opposed membership of his nation in the League of Nations
  5. established an absolute monarchy in his nation
A

Explanation: These men each led independence movements in parts of Latin America.

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8
Q
  1. The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he would
  2. adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation
  3. restore Louis XVI to power
  4. provide stability for the nation
  5. end British control of France
A

Explanation: The French people hoped that a strong leader like Napoleon would be able to stop the turmoil that had engulfed the country since the start of the Revolution.

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9
Q
  1. Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, leaders of Latin American independence movements, were inspired by successful revolutions in
  2. the Untied States and France
  3. the Soviet Union and China
  4. Cuba and Costa Rica
  5. Egypt and Kenya
A

Explanation: The American Revolution (1776) and the French Revolution (1789) both sought to put Enlightenment philosophies into practice, and inspired individuals in Latin American colonies to declare independence from Spain.

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10
Q
  1. The Sepoy Mutiny in India, the Boxer Rebellion in China, and the Islamic Revolution in Iran were similar in that they
  2. restored power to the hereditary monarchies
  3. attempted to reject the traditional cultures in these countries
  4. resisted foreign influence in these countries
  5. reestablished the power of religious leaders
A

Explanation: The Sepoy Mutiny (1857) in India, the Boxer Rebellion (1899) in China, and the Islamic Revolution on Iran (1979), were all actions designed to revolt against foreign influence in these countries.

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11
Q
  1. Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on
  2. the experiences of past civilizations
  3. experimentation and observation
  4. emotions and feelings
  5. the teachings of the Catholic Church
A

Explanation: These scientists prompted the Scientific Revolution through their use of the scientific method to carry out careful experiments based on sound hypotheses.

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12
Q
  1. In the 1920’s and 1930’s, the rise of totalitarian governments in Germany, Italy, and Spain was largely the result of
  2. the success of the Communists in establishing a command economy in the Soviet Union
  3. severe economic and social problems that arose in Europe after World War I
  4. the active support of the United States
  5. movements demanding the return of the old monarchies
A
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13
Q
  1. An immediate result of Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit to Japan in 1853 was
  2. an alliance between Japan and Russia
  3. the development of trade between Japan and the West
  4. a war between Japan and the United States
  5. the continued isolation of Japan
A

Explanation: After Perry’s demonstration of American military prowess, Japan ceased to be isolated and began trading with the United States.

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14
Q
  1. A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for
  2. a return to traditional medieval ideas
  3. the use of reason for rational and logical thinking
  4. overseas expansion by western European nations
  5. strengthening the power of the organized religions
A

Explanation: Enlightenment philosophers rejected traditional church teachings and promoted the idea that man should use logic and reason to define the world around him. This led to changes in government and society.

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15
Q
  1. The Boxer Rebellion of the early 20th century was an attempt to
  2. eliminate poverty among the Chinese peasants
  3. bring western-style democracy to China
  4. restore trade between China and European nations
  5. remove foreign influences from China
A

Explanation: The Chinese rebelled in order to end foreign influence caused by treaties which allowed for Spheres of Influence which were controlled by foreign nations.

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16
Q
  1. Which was a characteristic of Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Josef Stalin?
  2. an official foreign policy of isolationism
  3. governmental control of the media
  4. public ownership of business and industry
  5. the absence of a written constitution
A

Explanation: Both countries had a totalitarian system of government. This is where the government attempts to control all aspects of the lives of their citizens.

17
Q
  1. The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that
  2. Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans
  3. Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help
  4. imperialism was opposed by most Europeans
  5. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples
A

Explanation: Rudyard Kipling’s poem “White Man’s Burden” refers to the attitude held by many Europeans that they were charged with civilizing the “heathen savages” they encountered in foreign lands.

18
Q
  1. “We prefer self-government with danger, to servitude in tranquility.”

The author of this statement would most likely support

  1. imperialism
  2. independence movements
  3. colonial expansion
  4. mercantilism
A

Explanation: Desire for self-government, and idea born during the Enlightenment, was the basis of many independence movements.

19
Q
  1. The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles after World War I helped lay the foundation for the
  2. rise of fascism Germany
  3. uprisings during the French Revolution
  4. division of Korea along the 38th parallel
  5. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
A

Explanation: Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost large areas of land, was forced to pay large reparations, and accept complete responsibility for the start of World War One. The German people felt humiliated by this treaty, which led them to readily accept the Fascist, who promised a return to Germany’s former position of world power.

20
Q
  1. Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800’s?
  2. new nations were based on old tribal boundaries
  3. the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded
  4. the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers
  5. African unity was encouraged
A

Explanation: As European nations established African colonies during the “Scramble for Africa” (1870-1890), they paid no attention to the existing tribal, cultural, or ethnic boundaries.

21
Q
  1. A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-Revolutionary governments
  2. are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them
  3. refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology
  4. attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion
  5. fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people
A

Explanation: Prior to the French Revolution, the Third Estate made up approximately 97% of the population, had the largest tax burden, yet had virtually no rights. The French government was unresponsive to these problems, which in turn led the Third Estate to revolt, demanding more rights.

22
Q

“Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!”
“Germany Declares War on Russia and France!”
“Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!”

  1. Which event is referred to in these headlines?
  2. Franco-Prussian War
  3. Crimean War
  4. World War I
  5. Cold War
A

Explanation: These are all events that occured during World War One.

23
Q

23 A major cause of World War I was

  1. a decline in the policy of imperialism
  2. the existence of opposing alliances
  3. an increase in acts of aggression by England
  4. the spread of communism throughout Europe
A

Explanation: The four main cause of World War One are the Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Militarism.

24
Q
  1. In France, which was a major result of the French Revolution?
  2. the king was restored to unlimited power
  3. the clergy dominated government
  4. the middle class gained political influence
  5. the tax burden was carried by the lower class
A

Explanation: Prior to the French Revolution, the bourgeoisie, or middle class, belonged to the Third Estate, which had the largest tax burden and virtually no rights. The bourgeoisie gained an enormous amount of political power when the National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and drafted a new constitution for France.

25
Q
  1. British control over South Africa, French control over Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are examples of
  2. isolationism
  3. appeasement
  4. nonalignment
  5. imperialism
A

Explanation: Imperialism is a foreign policy in which a more powerful nation takes control of a weaker nation, usually for economic benefit.

26
Q
  1. The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed the government decisions should be based on
  2. fundamental religious beliefs
  3. the concept of divine right of kings
  4. laws of nature and reason
  5. traditional values
A

Explanation: The Enlightenment was an outgrowth of the Scientific Revolution in which rules governing the natural world were being generated at break-neck speed. Philosophers held that rulers could follow similar laws of nature and reason in order to create an atmosphere of good government.

27
Q
  1. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by
  2. abolishing all social class distinctions
  3. becoming constitutional monarchs
  4. preventing wars with neighboring nations
  5. introducing western ideas and customs
    .
A

Explanation: Both Russian rulers introduced their homeland to western ideas and customs. Peter the Great was known for his policies of Westernization, while Catherine the Great adopted some of the ideas of the Enlightenment and because of this, she is generally considered to be an example of an enlightened despot

28
Q

44 The Tiananmen Square massacre in China was a reaction to

  1. Deng Xiaoping?s plan to revive the Cultural Revolution
  2. student demands for greater individual rights and freedom of expression
  3. China?s decision to seek Western investors
  4. Great Britain?s decision to return Hong Kong to China
A

Explanation: China?s government has consistently shown little regard for the human rights of its citizens. The Tiananmen Square massacre is prime example of the lengths the Chinese government will go to remain in power.

29
Q
  1. Today, human rights violations most often occur in nations in which
  2. freedom of the press exists
  3. government is limited by law
  4. leaders have absolute control
  5. government has a multiparty system
A
30
Q
  1. A negative impact of the use of modern technology is that
  2. levels of air and water pollution often increase
  3. economic opportunities are frequently limited
  4. contacts with other cultures decrease
  5. international trade is limited
A
31
Q
  1. Japan sells cars to the United States, the United States exports high technology to Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Arabia exports oil to Japan. Which is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this statement?
  2. Saudi Arabia controls most of the world’s natural resources
  3. The United States is the world’s leading exporter
  4. most nations of the world specialize in one export
  5. the nations of the world are economically interdependent
A
32
Q
  1. One reason North Korea has been the focus of worldwide attention in the mid-1990’s is because of its
  2. nuclear weapons development programs
  3. commitment to increasing political freedoms
  4. development of a strong and expanding economy
  5. efforts to revive communism in Eastern Europe
A

Explanation: North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons. This is of worldwide concern due to the instability of relations between the western world and North Korea

33
Q
  1. Which statement best characterizes the period of apartheid in South Africa?
  2. the majority of the population had the right to vote
  3. the Boers attempted to conquer Nigeria
  4. many racist ideas of the ruling minority were adopted into laws
  5. French was declared the official language of the nation
A

Explanation: Apartheid was a series of laws that segregated and discriminated against the majority black population of South Africa. This policy was started and upheld by the minority white population who held all governmental power.

34
Q
  1. The main course of the Arab-Israeli conflicts from 1948 to 1973 was the clash between
  2. Islamic Fundamentalism and Orthodox Judaism
  3. Arab socialism and Israeli capitalism
  4. Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism
  5. Israeli technology and Saudi Arabian economic goals
A

Explanation: The Arab-Israeli conflict stems from the division of Palestine by the United Nations in 1947. Separate Jewish and Arab states were created. The Jews accepted this plan, while the Arabs did not. Shortly after, the Jews created the state of Israel, which caused all of the neighboring Arab nations to attack. There has been nearly constant warfare in this region since the creation of Israel.

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