Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Glaucoma > Glaucoma_Test1pt2 > Flashcards

Glaucoma_Test1pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the single most important aspect of glaucoma diagnosis and management?

A

The evaluation of the optic disc and nerve fiber layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is mostly the blood supply of the optic nerve head?

A

SPCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What parts of the nerve does CRA supply?

A

NFL

Central core of the nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which patient conditions will you see physiologically large nerves and cups?

A

Normally large chorioscleral canals and large discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F?

C/D ratio is nearly meaningless in glaucoma?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe contour technique?

A

The point of deviation of small blood vessels on the surface of the ONH to determine the size of the cup.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the value for average cupping?

A

0.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define rim thinning?

A

Generalized loss of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define notching?

A

Focal loss of tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is more specific; rim thinning or notching?

A

Notching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is considered shallow cupping?

A

Saucerization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is considered deep cupping?

A

Bean potting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can bean potting occur in normal individuals?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define asymmetric glaucoma?

A

Glaucoma in which u see a relative afferent pupil

Vision is 20/20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pink coloration in ONH rim tissue a result of?

A

Axons

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F?

Rim is pink in end stage disease?

A

False.

The rim is always pink in glaucoma except for very endstage disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name some other things that can cause cupping?

A 
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Compression
Inflammation
Trauma
Hereditary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is temporal thinning of the disc associated with glaucoma?

A

NO!

This is commonly an anomaly of disc insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are DH normally indicated?

A

Superior
Superior-temporal
Inferior
Inferior-temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If events in glaucoma could happen in a perfect sequence, what would it be?

A

DH
NFL loss
Disc defect
VF loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DH is seen more in what kind of pts?

A

Those with large IOP variations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

All studies except for what indicated that disc hemorrhages were strongly associated with progression?

A

AGIS.

However, we cannot use DH as a diagnosis of glauc, nor a progression or conversion to glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is parapapillary atrophy due to?

A

Tissue misalignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two requirements needed for NFL defects?

A
  1. Same caliber as an arteriole

2. Must extend to the disc

25
Q

What are the 5 components needed for an observation of the disc?

A 
Disc size
Parapapillary atrophy
Disc hemorrhages
NFL defects
Focal defects of the neuroretinal rim
26
Q

What 5 things do omas and glaucoma share?

A 
Isolated
Painless
Progressive
Visual dysfunction
Cupped discs
27
Q

What 5 things do omas and glaucoma differ?

A 
VA
Color vision
RAPD
VF defects
Disc appearance
28
Q

Characteristics of pts with optic nerve tumors?

A 
Younger than 50 years
Vision less than 20/40
Have disc pallor
Vertically aligned field defects
Field doesn't match disc
Central and cecocentral scotoma.
29
Q

Describe characteristics of pts with glaucoma?

A 
Older
Less disc pallor
More focal defects of the neuroretinal rim
More frequent DH
Have horizontally aligned VF defects. 
Field matches disc
Arcuate defects
30
Q

What is the name of the earliest visual field defect in glaucoma?

A

Increased short term fluctuation

31
Q

Is it practical to measure short term fluctuation using VF?

A

NO

32
Q

What is the name of the second earliest sign of visual field defect?

A

Shallow fluctuating scotoma.

U can measure this practically.

33
Q

For someone who demonstrates full field readings, what is percentage of ganglion cell fibers that can be lost?

A

25-50%

34
Q

What does SITA stand for?

A

Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm

35
Q

What algorithm does sita employ?

A

ERF: error related factor.

36
Q

What is ERF?

A

Perfect determination of threshold.
SITA allows for some error based upon known data and patient responses.
They think that normal threshold is impractical

37
Q

What is pseudo-loss of fixation?

A

The pt readjusted head position after the blind spot had been plotted, yet still maintains good fixation.

38
Q

What does a deviation upward mean on the gaze tracking monitor?

A

The patient’s gaze was not on the fixation target.

Magnitude of the deflection indicates the extent of the errant fixation

39
Q

What does a large deviation downward mean?

Small?

A

A blink.

Machine cannot tell the direction of pt’s gaze

40
Q

What is a false negative?

A

The pt failed to respond when a stimulus is presented.

41
Q

For what two reliability criteria does SITA not have published criteria that indicate an unreliable field?

A

FL
FN
FP

42
Q

What are some factors that will accompany a gray scale?

A 
Suprathreshold value
MD has a high + value
Fixation losses are high.
Patchy loss on grayscale: white scotoma
Pattern deviation is worse than total deviation.
43
Q

Clinical pearl:

A

A recent study has shown that the reliability parameters are not a reliable indicator of reliability

44
Q

Which criteria is in charge of general depression

Which for focal depression?

A

Total deviation

Pattern deviation

45
Q

For what incidence is a general height indicator very helpful?

A

So that shallow scotomas will not be missed

46
Q

What is the general height indicator?

A

ranking that is based on the 85th percentile of non-edge points.

47
Q

When will the general height indicator be raised?

A

When GHI is depressed due to cataracts, miosis.

This allows for the detection of focal defects.

48
Q

Clinical pearl:

A

The finding of an abnormal point is not sufficient to conclude that a field is abnormal, especially if the clinical pic does not correlate. Abnormality of a field as a whole must be judged on the basis of finding sufficient abnormality in a cluster of points in a patter that is typical of the associated clinical findings.

49
Q

Which criteria is the best representation of the true retro-lenticular visual field defect?

A

Pattern Deviation

50
Q

What is mean deviation?

A

Weighted average of the numbers on the total deviation plot each value weighted according to the magnitude of the normal range at that point.
Signifies the overall severity of the field loss.
Refer to pg 5

51
Q

What does a MD of -4 represent?

A

May represent a 4db depression everywhere in the field or a depression of -8db over half of the field.

52
Q

What does a positive number for MD represent?

A

The avg sensitivity is above the normal for age

53
Q

General room of thumb for MD

A
  • 6 to -12 db is moderate loss

- 12 or more is severe loss.

54
Q

What is the PSD?

A

The global index that indicates focal field loss.

55
Q

What does a low PSD represent?

A

Relatively consistent field sensitivity amongst adjacent points. A pattern is established.

56
Q

What does an abnormal MD with a normal PSD indicate?

A

Diffuse loss, likely from a cataract.
This explains why you are able to get a consistent pattern, but if you can’t see through cataract, of course light threshold values will be lower.

57
Q

What will PSD look like in early and moderate gflaucoma?

A

Increased PSD.

This indicates a worsening b/w adjacent points with greater focal defects.

58
Q

What will PSD look like in advanced glaucoma?

A

PSD will decrease and return to normal.

All points are equally defective and there are no longer any “focal defects.”

Glaucoma (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions