Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Glaucoma > Glaucoma_Test1 > Flashcards

Glaucoma_Test1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does blocking nor-epinephrine do?

A

Blocks the formation of aqueous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which two category of drugs work via blocking nor-epinephrine?

A

Beta blockers

Alpha-2 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What concentration is yellow cap for beta blockers?

A

0.50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What concentration is blue cap for beta blockers?

A

0.25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are there more beta specific or non-specific glaucoma drugs available?

A

Beta non-specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are there bilateral effects when using beta blockers?

A

Yes.

Due to systemic absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which two categories work during the night time?

A

CAIs

PGAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe short term escape of beta blockers?

A

There is an initial drop in pressure, then rise.

Takes 2-4 weeks to see a true decrease in pressure after that.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe long term drift?

A

Beta blockers become ineffective.

IOP steadily rises after long-term trt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F?

Long term drift is a common problem with beta blockers?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blocking nor-epinephrine results in a reduced (blank) activity?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some Ocular allergic rxns associated with beta blocker usage?

A

Hyperemia
Stinging
Corneal hypoaesthesia
Punctate keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a general laundry list of adverse effects found in beta blockers?

A 
BP decrease
Bradycardia
Pulmonary bronchiole contraction
Anything mental(drowsiness, depression, anxiety)
Death
Impotence
Altered lipid profiles
Depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some contraindications for Beta blockers?

A 
Bradycardia(symptomatic and asymptomatic w/ heart block)
COPD/Asthma/Emphysema
MG
Athletes
CHF(in the past)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If you want to prescribe to a pt beta blockers, what must you need to do?

A

Baseline BP
Pulse measurement
Review medical hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When do you need physician approval for beta blocker?

A

When giving topical along with oral form of beta blocker.

This will result in a greater form of bradycardia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F?

Beta blockers are beneficial to those with CHF and anti-arrhythmia

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Can diabetics use beta blockers?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the oral equivalence of the usage of topical beta blockers?

A

20 mg.

It will produce the same systemic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F?

Beta blockers work well in children?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F?

Beta blockers work well in uveitic glaucoma?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give me two reasons why not to prescribe beta blockers qhs

A
  1. Pts with Nocturnal hypotension; may lower BP further

2. Have no IOP lowering effect at night/during sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name a site that produces bicarbonate?

A

Secretory neuroepithelial cells of ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CAI systemic contraindications?

A 
Sulfa allergies
Sickle cell disease
Hypokalemia
Renal disease
Liver disase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When do you use Acetazolamide?

A

post surgically

Acute angle closure (250mg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T/F?

Methazolamide is better tolerated than Acetazolamide?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Timolol Maleate IOP Reduction?

A

25-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CAI top IOP reduction?

A

10-26%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Trusopt is better tolerated than Azopt?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which category of glaucoma drugs work well in uveitic glaucoma?

A

Topical CAIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Are you allowed to use top CAIs in children?

A

Yes

Also Beta blockers

32
Q

What are the three main things you should look out for in pts before prescribing topcial CAIs?

A

Compromised corneal endothelium (perform specular reflection)
Allergy to sulfa medications
Hx of renal stones.

33
Q

Caleb, will you use Oral CAIs for the chronic care of glaucoma?

A

NO

Use topical CAIs

34
Q

Which is the best class of glauc meds to combine with PGAs?

A

Top CAIs

35
Q 
Prasymathetic effects on
Iris:
CB:
TM
Ciliary meshwork: (uveal meshwork-uveoscleral pathway)
A

Iris: miosis
CB: accommodation and TM opening
TM: aq outflow increase
Ciliay meshwork: aq outflow decrease

36
Q

What are some contraindications of miotics?

A

Uveitic glaucoma and any other sig oc inflamm
Aphakia
Pre-presbyopia (not tolerated)
Posterior subcapsular cataract present

37
Q

Why is it that pilocarpine can mimi the blinding effects of glaucoma?

A

Miosis. This increases field constriction.

38
Q

List the side effects of pilocarpine

A 
Miosis
Brow ache: CB contraction
Globe and orbital pain
Allergic rxns
Increased myopia due to accommodative spasm
Vision reduction
Posterior synechia
Ret detach: 
Angle closure: due to pupil block with a changing cataract lens
Field constriction
39
Q

What is 4% Pilopine Gel HS:

A

Side effects occur during sleep and may be better tolerated.

40
Q

When do you use miotics?

A

When surgery is not an option in advanced stage glaucoma.
Primary angle closure glaucoma just before laser surgery.
NOT FOR LONG TERM GLAUCOMA CARE
NOT FOR UVEITIS

41
Q

What happens if you pour pilocarpine into pt’s eye?

A

Diarrhea

42
Q

What are the two forms of Fixed combos?

A

Topical beta blocker/CAI

Topical beta blocker/ Alpha2 agonist

43
Q

Why is there only 2 fixed combo agents?

A

FDA

They demand that combo lowers IOP by 2mmHg than both solo drug

44
Q

When do you use osmotics?

A

Emergency Care:
Acute angle closure
One time usage.
No chronic care of glaucoma

45
Q

Serious side effect of osmotics?

A

Emesis (vomitting).

This fill further reduce IOP

46
Q

What does BAK stand for?

A

Benzalkonium chloride

47
Q

Side effects of BAK?

A

Disruption of corneal integrity
Chronic low grade conj inflammation
Burn out of goblet cells
Dry eye & Ocular surface disease

48
Q

Which drugs are not used commonly for current glauc therapy?

A

Oral CAIs
Pilocarpine
Iopidine

49
Q

Which drugs are not used in glauc current therapy?

A

All other miotics

Epinephrines

50
Q

What is our only therapeutic option for glaucoma?

A

Reduction of IOP

51
Q

T/F?

Prostaglandins are chemical mediators of inflammation?

A

True

52
Q

What is the cap color for PGAs

A

Teal

53
Q

T/F?

PGAs are dependent of episcleral venous pressure?

A

False

54
Q

What are some ocular adverse effects of PGAs?

A 
Hyperemia
Punctate keratopathy
Increased eyelash and nose hair growth
Blurred vision
Dry eye
Increased iris coloration
Cells/flares
Periorbitopathy
CME
55
Q

How do you avoid periorbitopathy?

A

By drying the skin immediately.

May not be reversible.

56
Q

What are some components of periorbitopathy?

A

Periorbital skin darkening

Deepening of ocular sulcus

57
Q

What percentage of population do not respond to PGAs?

A

10-20%

58
Q

Are there any systemic side effects associated with PGA?

A

NO

Short half life

59
Q

Who cannot use PGAs

A

Children

Pregnant chicks

60
Q

What is the max amt of time PGAs can work after taking the drop?

A

60 hours

61
Q

What is absolutely irreversible with PGAs?

A

Iris coloration.

Be careful of monocular usage.

62
Q

Organize concentration of PGAs from highest to lowest

A

Bimatoprost 0.01%
Latanoprost 0.005%
Travoprost 0.004%
Tafluprost 0.0015%

63
Q

Relating to PGA….
T/F?
Any medication that reduces IOP will increase perfusion by reducing blood flow impedance?

A

True

64
Q

T/F?

You are able to use PGAs in uveitic pts?

A

False

65
Q

What special cases should one use PGA?

A

Elevated episcleral venous pressure

IOP rise secondary to carotid cavernous sinus fistula.

66
Q

T/F?

Hyperemia is an allergic rxn to PGA?

A

False.

It is a response to the prostglandin, which mitigates inflammation.

67
Q

What was Rescula developed from?

A

PGA metabolite

68
Q

T/F?

Sympathomimetic is norepinephrine based.

A

True

69
Q

What is alpha 1 action on blood vessels of CB?

A

Vasoconstriction:
Reduces blood flow
Reduces aqueous production
These are epinephrine like drugs

70
Q

Where does alpha 2 agonists act?

A

Nerve terminal

Stimulation results in diminished release of nor-epinephrine

71
Q

What happens when there is a reduction in norepinephrine release?

A

There is a decrease in aqueous production due to a reduction in sympathetic tone

72
Q

What happens if you block beta receptors?

A

There is a decrease in aqueous production.

73
Q

What are the two uses for 1% Iopidine?

A

Acute angle closure
Prevention of IOP spike during laser surgery
Horner’s Syndrome

74
Q

What was the effect of adding Purite to Alphagan?

A

The incidence of local toxic adverse effects got reduced by 40%

75
Q

T/F?

Allergic responses can happen at any time with alphagan usage?

A

True

76
Q

What are the most sig side effects of Alphagan?

A 
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Dry mouth
Crosses BBB
coma in children
77
Q

Other side effects of alphagan?

A

Conjunctivitis
Blurring
Burning
Headache

Glaucoma (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions