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Nat 5 Geography (Human) > Glasgow (City Study) > Flashcards

Glasgow (City Study) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Central Business District (CBD)?

A
  1. The oldest part of town

2. Mainly shops, offices and entertainments

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2
Q

What is the Inner City?

A
  1. Built in the nineteenth century
  2. Old factories
  3. Stone tenement houses
  4. Brick terraced houses
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3
Q

What is The Suburbs?

A
  1. Built in the 20th and the 21st centuries.
  2. Mainly detached and semi-detached houses
  3. Mainly parks
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the CBD?

A
  1. Usually the oldest part of the city with a necklace of churches.
  2. Route centre
  3. Main railway station and bus station
  4. Department stores
  5. Hotels and tourist facilities
  6. Office blocks
  7. Tallest buildings
  8. Most densely packed building
  9. Lack of residential land use
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5
Q

What changes have been made to the CBD?

A
  1. More indoor shopping malls
  2. Changes to road system
  3. More pedestrianised streets
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6
Q

How can you recognise the CBD on an OS map?

A

Symbols
Motorway (blue)
A Class road (green/red)
Minor road
Bridging point (yellow horizontal line with orange vertical line through the middle)
Main railway station (red square or red shape of the station (not a circle))
Bus station (-0-)* *rough shape
Necklace of churches - church with tower (square with cross on top)
- church with spire (circle with cross on top)
-church (cross)
Town hall ( TH with diamond shape but is easily distinguished Goes for college as well as others)
Tourist information office (i) and colleges (coll)

….I tried

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7
Q

What is an industrial centre?

A

Where there are many jobs in factories and offices

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8
Q

What is a market centre?

A

Where farmers buy and sell their produce

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9
Q

What is a service centre?

A

Where there are many jobs in shops and entertainment

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10
Q

What is a tourist resort?

A

Where people go on holiday

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11
Q

What is a commuter centre?

A

Where people live but work elsewhere

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12
Q

What is a retirement centre?

A

Where many senior citizens choose to live

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13
Q

What is a port?

A

Where ships load and unload goods

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the Inner City?

A
  1. Straight rows of tenement houses in Scotland and terraced houses in England (a grid-iron pattern)
  2. Few gardens or small gardens
  3. Old factories, docks, warehouses
  4. Low order shops and services, e.g. newsagents
  5. 3-4 story houses and tall factories
  6. High-density buildings
  7. Railways and canals are often nearby
  8. Traffic is quite heavy
  9. There is often a lot of waste land
  10. Streets are often in a grid-iron pattern (at 90 degrees to each other)
  11. The environment can be heavily polluted
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15
Q

What changes have been made to the Inner City?

A
  1. Decline of shops and services
  2. Old factories closing down
  3. Old housing replaced, at first by high-rise flats
  4. New terraced housing being built
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of an Old Industrial Landscape in the Inner City?

A

Brick or stone building with slate roof, 3-4 stories, very few and very small windows, several chimneys as coal was the main source of energy, very high building density to maximize use of space, many industrial sites have fallen into dereliction.

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of an Old Industrial Housing Landscape in the Inner City?

A

Brick or stone building with stone roof, 3-4 stories, wooden framed, very small windows, heated using coal, chimneys on all buildings, very high building density to maximize use of space, very little open space, lack of recreational space

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18
Q

How can you recognise the Inner City on an OS map?

A
  1. Houses close to industry
  2. Large industrial buildings
  3. Many railways and sidings
  4. Streets in a grid-iron pattern
  5. Narrow, densely packed streets.
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19
Q

What are the characteristics of the Edge of the City (including industrial estates)?

A
  1. Dates from late twentieth century onwards
  2. Planned shopping centres
  3. Business and office parks
  4. Some detached housing
  5. Low density of buildings
  6. Much green space
  7. Beside main roads
  8. Much car parking
  9. Mostly 1-2 story buildings
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20
Q

What changes are being made to the Edge of the City?

A

Building outwards into the countryside

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21
Q

How can we describe the Edge of the City?

A

It is an accessible area of the city: shopping centres and business parks are found here. The land is quite cheap and allows space for landscaping, car parks and buildings with few storeys.

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of the Suburbs?

A
  1. Dates from the 20th century
  2. Semi-detached and detached houses
  3. Some low-rise and high-rise flats
  4. Many houses with large gardens
  5. Many houses with garages
  6. 1-2 story housing
  7. Low density of buildings
  8. Much green space, e.g. parks, golf courses
  9. Street pattern is curvilinear street pattern with lots of cul-de-sacs, crescents and dead ends
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23
Q

What changes are being made to the Suburbs?

A

The least change is being made here

  1. Improvements are being made to low-rise and high-rise flats.
  2. Traffic Calming measures
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24
Q

How can we describe the Suburbs?

A

It is a quiet area of the city so there are few factories and shops. The cheapest land allows spaces for gardens and parks and it is a popular place for families to live.

25
Q

How can we describe Glasgow’s original site?

A

Settlement was built beside a tributary of the river Clyde where there was fresh water, wood for burning and for fuel, shelter, reasonable farming land and an easily defendable site. It was developed at a ford crossing site.

26
Q

How can we describe medieval Glasgow?

A

Grew slowly as a religious centre and later became a market centre because it was a crossing point on the River Clyde and easy for locals to reach.

27
Q

How can we describe Glasgow during the 1700s-1800s?

A

Became a port importing tabacco, cotton and sugar from North America and the West Indies. The first factories (sugar refineries and cotton mills) were built. There were many mining jobs because of the supply of coal and ironstone so factories could make iron and later steel menaing they ould build ships. Became one of the biggest industrial centre in the world.

28
Q

How can we describe Glasgow during the 1900s?

A

Became a business centre with large office blocks taking up much space in the CBD and also a centre for research and development. It has also become a tourist centre because of its museums, art galleries, major sporting events and high-quality shopping centres. Population has decreased as many people prefer to commute to work because of the fast roads and railways.

29
Q

What traffic problems are there in Glasgow’s CBD?

A

Roads in the centre are in a grid-iron pattern with many intersections - need traffic lights - holds up traffic.as do all the buses, pedestrians and delivery lorries - bad for business as deliveries/emergency services are all late- frustrates drivers- increased road accidents- exhaust fumes from stationary vehicles- increases pollution

30
Q

What solutions are there to the transport problems in Glasgow?

A
  1. Pedestrianised streets
  2. Bus lanes
  3. Huge city train network which makes the city easy to reach and persuades people to come without cars - less cars= less traffic
  4. One way streets - vehicles can go faster
  5. On-street paid parking with traffic wardens to ensure these costs stay in place.
31
Q

Why have shopping changes been made to Glasgow’s CBD?

A
  1. Large indoor shopping centres have been set up outside the CBD with popular shops and free plentiful parking. These changes were made because of the sudden growth of indoor shopping centres which forces the city centre to make substantial changes to its shopping area.
32
Q

What shopping changes have been made to Glasgow’s CBD?

A
  1. More covered shopping malls e.g. Buchanan Gardens, St. Enoch’s Centre
  2. More exclusive designer shops as well as more attractions such as outdoor ice rinks, street musicians ect.
  3. More cafes, bars and restaurants.
    - All of the above easy to access by train/bus to make it easier for people and also to attract them to these centres.
33
Q

In the Inner City, why were tenements built so close together?

A

Nearly everyone worked in the docks, shipyard and factories so the blocks were built near these, close together to fit everyone in.

34
Q

In the Inner City why were so many of the flats divided up in the early 1900s?

A

As the population increased what previously would have been a three bedroom flat would become three one bedroom flats occupying more people.

35
Q

Name two housing problems the Gorbals’s faced in the 1950’s.

A
  1. People living in one room or two room flats with shared toilets.
  2. The most overcrowded area in Europe with 90000 people (in the 1930’s)
36
Q

Name two environment problems the Gorbals’s faced in the 1950’s.

A
  1. Air pollution was a serious health hazard
  2. No green space
  3. Rubbish tips attracted rats
37
Q

Name an industry problem the Gorbals’s faced in the 1950’s.

A
  1. Steelworks and other factories closing down
38
Q

Name a service problem the Gorbals’s faced in the 1950’s.

A
  1. Hundreds of small shops, pubs, churches, and schools
39
Q

Why were all the old tenements pulled down to build high -rise flats in the Gorbals?

A

This would allow many people to stay in the Gorbals, however, flats were poorly built so suffered from damp, lacked neighbourliness and had no space for children to play

40
Q

What improvements were being made to the Gorbals in terms of employment?

A
  1. New industrial estate set up on site of old steelworks

2. Hotels, colleges and other services all provide jobs

41
Q

What improvements were being made to the Gorbals in terms of environment?

A
  1. Houses now have private gardens

2. New park

42
Q

What improvements were being made to the Gorbals in terms of housing?

A
  1. New 2-story brick tenements built
  2. Some new houses for sale (not just renting) which attracts a wider social mix.
  3. Some high rise flats pulled down
43
Q

What improvements were being made to the Gorbals in terms of services?

A
  1. New library, health centre, leisure centre
44
Q

What changes were made to the Old Docks?

A
  1. Old shipyards and warehouses were dismantled and demolished.
  2. The docks were filled in
  3. Areas of grass and trees were planted
  4. The area was given a ‘facelift’ to help it attract new developments
45
Q

What was the Old Docks like in the 1970s?

A
  1. Unattractive landscape
  2. Old overcrowded tenements
  3. High employment
  4. Waste land
  5. Disused railway lines
  6. Warehouses closed
  7. Docks closed
  8. Shipyards closed
46
Q

What recent development has taken place in the Old Docks?

A
  1. Motorways
  2. Entertainment complex
  3. Leisure and tourism facilities
  4. BBC Head office
  5. Expensive waterfront hotels, e.g Lancefield Quay
  6. Hotels
    * some areas still in need of development
47
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

An area where old industry has been replaced by new development.
Glasgow has developed several in the Inner City including the Old Docks and the Commonwealth games Athlete’s Village.

48
Q

Why might the BBC set up in the Old Docks?

A
  1. Near a large labour force
  2. Good for broadcasting as Glasgow is on flat land
  3. Easy for correspondents to reach Glasgow as there is a good rail system.
49
Q

What is the housing like in Greenlaw?

A
  1. More affordable

2. Different sizes to attract all age and income groups.

50
Q

Why do people want to live in Greenlaw?

A
  1. Quieter, less polluted but near the city centre
  2. Less crime than nearer the city centre.
  3. New, clean, and attractive
  4. Local services such as schools, health centres and shops.
  5. Near a railway station
  6. Cheaper land so houses and gardens can be bigger
51
Q

Why does industry want to set up in Greenlaw?

A
  1. Land in the suburbs is cheaper
  2. Less road congestion
  3. Near a railway station so easier for workers to reach.
  4. New, clean, crime-free, less polluted and a pleasant outlook so provides a pleasant working environment.
  5. Near a motorway junction so easy for delivery lorries to reach
52
Q

Why do shops want to set up in Greenlaw?

A
  1. Near customers in the many housing areas and near many workers in the business park
  2. Less road congestion
  3. Near a railway station so easier for workers to reach.
  4. New, clean, crime-free, less polluted and a pleasant outlook so provides a pleasant working environment.
  5. Near a motorway junction so easy for delivery lorries to reach
53
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

Building on countryside at the edge of the suburbs

54
Q

What are the general effects of building in the suburbs?

A
  1. More road traffic, noise and air pollution
  2. Less farmland and food produced
  3. Loss of trees, plantlife and wildlife
  4. One development often leads to others
  5. Building developments reach villages which then become suburbs of Glasgow
55
Q

What are the effects of more housing in the suburbs?

A
  1. Fewer people in the inner city and centre
  2. More commuters and so more vehicles travelling into the centre.
  3. Even more development, because more people need more services, such as health centres and schools
56
Q

What are the effects of more industry in the suburbs?

A
  1. Provides jobs for local people so less journey times to work.
  2. Reduced traffic and air pollution in Glasgow as these industries have set up in the suburbs and not in the city centre.
57
Q

What are the effects of more shops in the suburbs?

A
  1. Very convenient for local people so reduces their journey time to shops.
  2. More competition for existing shops.
  3. Shopping centres selling comparison goods (e.g. clothes, shoes) will reduce the number of customers going into the city centre, so reducing congestion and air pollution
58
Q

What are the problems caused by landfill sites?

A
  1. Eyesore
  2. Attracts vermin and seagulls
  3. Unpleasant smell
  4. Many lorries damage roads
  5. Swarms of flies gather if not covered
  6. Rubbish can be blown into surrounding areas
  7. Can pollute the soil and groundwater underneath
  8. It creates methane gas which has to be drawn off
59
Q

What are the solutions to urban sprawl?

A
  1. Setting up a green belt - a green belt is a zone around a city in which no development can take place. It prevents problems such as the loss of farmland and wildlife. Glasgow has had a green belt since 1950 which has reduced urban sprawl, however has led to more building taking place beyond the green belt which has led to house prices in small villages surrounding the city centre to increase.
  2. Encourage development at brownfield sites- This should reduce developments at the city edge, however it costs more to develop a brownfield site than a greenfield site as the remains of old buildings have to be removed and sometimes the land is unstable or contaminated so builders prefer to build at the city edge.

Nat 5 Geography (Human) (7 decks)

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