Glasgow

Question 1

How is Comprehensive Development Areas as a strategy to combat housing problems?

Answer 1

• Given the worsening conditions of the tenements in Glasgow the council made the decision to bulldoze large areas and build better housing for inner city residents.
• Glasgow call these areas CDAs, and 24 areas were designated including parts of Govan, Patrick, Springbank and the Gorbals.
• People were moved to outer city council estates or high rise flats.

Question 2

How is Council Estates as a Strategy to combat housing problems? (1)

Answer 2

• Glasgow established four main council estates for over 200,000 people.
• These were in Castle-milk, Pollok, Drumchapel and Easterhouse.

Question 3

How is Council Estates as a Strategy to combat housing problems? (2)

Answer 3

• These were originally planned to be low density, semi-detached houses but due to the high costs, cheaper three-four story flats were built instead.

Question 4

How is New Towns a strategy to combat housing shortages? (1)

Answer 4

• The new towns were built around Glasgow during the 1950s and 60s to house the overspill from the city.
• East Kilbride is one of these towns with a population of over 75,000 in 2019.

Question 5

How is New Towns a strategy to combat housing shortages? (2)

Answer 5

• Unlike council estates, new towns are planned and designed to incorporate workplaces and services such as:
• Shops, schools, libraries and leisure centres.

Question 6

How is New Towns a strategy to combat housing shortages? (3)

Answer 6

• Foreign Companies were encourage to locates on industrial estates in the edge of new towns, they weee offered incentives such as grants and loans in order to generate employment in these areas.

Question 7

How is Tenement Renovation a strategy to combat housing shortages?

Answer 7

• Not all tenements were demolished in the CDAs, and a decision was made in the late 1970s to renovate one’s that remained.
• Several flats were combined to make more extensive flats, electricity, central heating and double glazing were all installed as well as internal bathrooms. ​
• The outer brickwork has also been cleaned to eliminate pollution.​

Question 8

How is Crown Street Regeneration Project a strategy to combat housing shortages?

Answer 8

• The Crown Street Regeneration Project was set up in 1990 after the failure to regenerate the Gorbals area. ​
• The aims were to create a place where people would want to live, and enjoy the privacy of their own homes but still be a part of the local community.
• The area contained local amenities like shops, landscaped areas, and playparks as well as the provision to either rent or own your home. ​

Question 9

How is The Red Road Flats a strategy to combat housing shortages? (1)

Answer 9

• Built in the mid-1960s the flats once provided accommodation for almost 5000 people. ​
• There were 8 tower blocks in total and were the tallest residential blocks in Europe. ​

Question 10

How is The Red Road Flats a strategy to combat housing shortages? (2)

Answer 10

• In 2003 the ownership of the flats was passed to Glasgow Housing Association, however, repairs were costing more than what was coming in on rent. ​
• In 2005 one of the tallest blocks was demolished as part of the regeneration of the area. ​
• All were demolished by 2015. ​

Question 11

How is the Glasgow Harbour Development in the 21st Century a strategy to combat housing shortages? (1)

Answer 11

• The brownfield site was originally used for the loading and unloading of ships. ​
• The owners alongside Glasgow Council, created this project to develop this site. ​

Question 12

How is the Glasgow Harbour Development in the 21st Century a strategy to combat housing shortages? (2)

Answer 12

• There are 2500 apartments, offices, and retail and leisure. There are acres of parks and public spaces giving access to over 3km of waterfront. ​
• Glasgow Harbour is different from the Gorbals as the majority of the housing is privately owned.​

Question 13

How was renovating the Athletes Village a strategy to combat housing shortages?

Answer 13

• The Athletes Village has been transformed into a superb riverside residential community with Phase 1 delivering 700 homes of which 300 were for sale and the remainder for social rent through three local housing associations.​
• However, not all of the original residents will be able to afford to live there. Some residents reported that the money offered in compensation was insufficient to cover the costs of a move.​

Question 14

How was renovating and making new Shops, Services and Schools a strategy to combat housing shortages?

Answer 14

• The clearing of old industrial wasteland provides new factories and commercial space; attracting new commercial investment. ​
• Local residents can now enjoy the new services of the local area, which includes primary schools, shops and a community centre, the Dalmarnock Legacy Hub.​
• Local shops will benefit from the increase in income, and it is hoped that the area will benefit from an additional 20,000 jobs by 2028.​

Question 15

How was renovating Recreation and Leisure facilities a strategy to combat housing shortages?

Answer 15

• Improved sports facilities, including the velodrome, will also bring benefits along with other long-term recreational spaces linked to the Commonwealth games.​

Question 16

How was renovating Transport a strategy to combat housing shortages?

Answer 16

• Improvements made to the local infrastructure, including the upgrading of Dalmarnock train station and M74 access routes, will attract new investment.​

Question 17

What is the disadvantage of renovating the Athletes Village?

Answer 17

• Compulsory purchase orders that the old residents received didn’t provide enough money to buy these houses.

Question 18

What is the advantage of renovating the Athletes Village?

Answer 18

• Social housing allowed the old residents to return back to Dalmarnock.

Question 19

What was the disadvantage of Leisure Centres being built?

Answer 19

• Traffic and Pollution increase.

Question 20

What was the advantage of Leisure Centres being built?

Answer 20

• The centres have large events, so this will bring in profit for the local economy.
• This takes the pressure off other schools.
• This creates jobs for locals as in 2018, there were 20,000 jobs created.

Question 21

What is the advantage of New Towns?

Answer 21

• New towns have services, which reduce strain and attract businesses.

Question 22

What is the disadvantage of New Towns?

Answer 22

• High unemployment levels and people may feel isolated.

Question 23

What are the advantages of The Red Road Flats?

Answer 23

• At the time, it was a cost-effective solution to overcrowding.

Question 24

What is the advantage of the Crown Street Regeneration Project

Answer 24

• Crown Street gives you the privacy of your own home, but you are still part of the community.

Question 25

What is the advantage of the Glasgow Harbour Developments?

Answer 25

• It addressed the lack of premium-quality housing.
• It increased the day-town population.
• It boosted the local economy.

Question 26

What are the causes of traffic congestion in Glasgow? (1 + 2)

Answer 26

• City centres are places where people and routes concentrate.
• The CBD is often the oldest part of the city and as such, the streets were not designed for cars. City centres often have narrow roads, narrow pavements and a tight network of roads.

Question 27

What are the causes of traffic congestion in Glasgow? (3 + 4)

Answer 27

• Due to Glasgow’s location on the River Clyde, traffic is funnelled across the river at very few bridging points. E.G The Clyde Tunnel or the Albert Bridge
• Since people now demand greater mobility, flexibility and accessibility, the number of cars has increased. People choose to own cars because they generally want to use them.

Question 28

What are the causes of traffic congestion in Glasgow? (5 + 6)

Answer 28

• People are often reluctant to use public transport, since it may be less convenient, expensive, inflexible and sometimes not available.
• Generally, there is a shortage of off-street parking, so many drivers are forced to park on the roads, reducing through flow even further.

Question 29

What are the causes of traffic congestion in Glasgow? (7 + 8)

Answer 29

• There has been an increase in the volume of goods being moved by road, e.g. delivery lorries. ​
• There are now more people commuting to work than ever before. People are now choosing to live in the Suburbs and travel to work in the CBD on a daily basis.

Question 30

What are the impacts of congestion? (1)

Answer 30

• Noise pollution
• Rush hour congestion​
• Management costs and subsidies​
• Air pollution e.g. CO₂​
• Further congestion from on-street parking​

Question 31

What are the impacts of congestion? (2)

Answer 31

• Driver fatigue, frustration, road rage and stress​
• Structural damage to buildings due to vibrations.​ Discolouration of stonework.
• Impact on health: respiratory and asthma​
• Urban motorways can increase bottlenecks and concentrate jams​
• Accidents: such as loss of life, injuries, and insurance costs.

Question 32

What are Solutions to Congestion? (1)

Answer 32

• Cycle Lanes, which reduce pollution.
• Park and Ride Schemes, e.g Kelvinbridge + Shields Road
• Improvements to Public Transport, an upgrade of the subway system extension is underway for the West End.

Question 33

What are Solutions to Congestion? (2)

Answer 33

• Bus and Taxi Lanes, number plate recognition then fines.
• Flexi-time, stagged arrival of workers reduces traffic In rush hour
• Construction of M74/M8, eases bottleneck/greater volume of traffic

Question 34

What are Solutions to Congestion? (3)

Answer 34

• One Way Systems, maintains traffic flow e.g Bath and Hope Streets
• Build more multi-storey parks, reduces parking in narrow streets
• Build more bridges and tunnels, e.g Clyde Tunnel and Kingston Bridge
• Double yellow lines/traffic wardens, keeps the flow and reduces parking in narrow streets.

Question 35

What caused a Population Boom in Glasgow?

Answer 35

• Largely due to money generated by trade, Glasgow’s population boomed in 1750 there were 32,000 inhabitants by 1850 this had increased to 200,000. ​
• Town planning began in the 18th century with the implementation of a grid system but it could not keep pace with the increasing population
• Overcrowding was an issue.​

Question 36

What was Industry like in Glasgow?

Answer 36

• The de-silting of the Clyde in the 1770s allowed for larger ships to move up the river – thus laying the foundations for industry and shipbuilding during the 19th century. ​
• The abundance of coal and iron in Lanarkshire led to Glasgow becoming an industrial city. ​
• Textile mills, based on cotton and wool became large employers too.

Question 37

What was the Inner City like, and what conditions did tenements have?

Answer 37

• The inner city emerged at this time with factories and works rapidly appearing. ​
• Tenement-style housing was created to house workers close to the factories, these were:- ​
• Heavily overcrowded, blackened with the surrounding pollution, had shared toilets, were poorly constructed and therefore deteriorated very quickly.

Question 38

What is an example of an Inner City housing area, and what was constructed to transport goods?

Answer 38

• Railway lines were constructed to transport good across the country. ​
• Water bodies were also a feature as many factories not only needed this for a water source but also a cooling source. ​
• The Gorbals are an example of an Inner City housing area.

Question 39

Was there a decline in Glasgow’s industries>

Answer 39

• Although ships and trains were still being built on Clydeside, cheap labour abroad reduced the competitiveness of Glasgow’s industries. ​
• By the 1960s Glasgow had gone into economic decline. ​
• Japan began to emerge as the leader of shipbuilding. ​

Question 40

In what time period did many industries go out of business?

Answer 40

• In the 1970s and early 1980s the city’s steelworks, coal mines, engine factories and other heavy industries went out of business. ​
• This led to mass unemployment and high levels of urban decay.