Glaciation

Question 1

Explain the Formation of a Glacier

Answer 1

Snow falls in a north-facing hollow, it accumulates and compacts to make Neve Ice then Glacial Ice.

Question 2

Explain the movement of a Glacier

Answer 2

A glacier can move in two main ways:
- Under it’s own weight due to the force of gravity
- Basile Sliding which is caused by friction

Question 3

Explain the Three Erosional Processes

Answer 3

Plucking - rocks get stuck to the glacier and when the glacier moves, they get ripped out.

Abrasion - rocks get stuck to the base and sides of the glacier, and grinds away the landscape overtime.

Freeze thaw - water is forced into the cracks of rocks, it freezes, putting pressure on the rock eventually breaking it.

Question 4

Explain the Formation of a Corrie

Answer 4

• Plucking steepens back wall, abrasion deepens the corrie floor and any water left behind is known as a Torn/Lochar. An example of a corrie is Red Tarn, which is in the Lake District.

Question 5

Explain the Formation of an Arête

Answer 5

An arête forms when two virtues form back to back or side to side, creating a jagid peak.

An example is Striding Edge

Question 6

Explain the Formation of a Pyramidal Peak

Answer 6

A pyramidal peak forms when two carries form back to back.

Question 7

Explain the Formation of a V- Shaped Valley (Short)

Answer 7

A V-Shaped valley is formed by the vertical erosion of a river.

Question 8

Explain the Formation of a U-Shaped Valley

Answer 8

Plucking steepens the valley sides, abrasion flattens the valley floor and a misfit stream is left behind.

Question 9

Explain the Formation of a Hanging Valley

Answer 9

A hanging valley is a small (usually u-shaped valley) that forms high up on the side of the main valley, the water that falls into the main u-shaped valley is known as a waterfall.

Question 10

Explain the Formation of a Ribbon Lake

Answer 10

• Ribbon lakes can form where softer bedrock is eroded more deeply than the surrounding area.
• Ribbon lakes can form where a terminal or a rescessional moraine creates a damn. Eg - Lake Windermere

Question 11

Explain the Three Transportational Processes

Answer 11

Supraglaicial Debries - Material carried on the surface of the glacier

Englacial Debris - Material carried within the body of a glacier

Subglacial Debries - Material carried tag the base of a glacier. Melt water streams beneath the ice and carry’s large volumes of subglacial debries.

Question 12

Explain the Formation of a Terminal Moraine

Answer 12

As glaciers advance, material is bulldozed at the front of the glacier.
When the glacier retreats, this mount of material is left and is known as a Terminal Moraine.
It shows the furthest extent the glacier has reached.

Question 13

Explain the Formation of a Drumlin

Answer 13

• Drumlins are oval hills made of till.
• Drumlins often appear in groups called swarms.
• The inserted material is moulded by the base of the glacier to form a steep upstream end, with a more streamlined gentler lee slope
• This shows the direction the glacier was moving.

Question 14

Explain the Formation of an Esker

Answer 14

• Eskers are long narrow, steep sided, winding ridges of sand and gravel.
• They are formed inside the ice, in tunnels which melt water streams through.
• When the glacier melts, they are deposited in straight lines.

Question 15

What is the solution to walkers leaving the gates open?

Answer 15

• Walkers leave the gates open.
• Farmers can display “keep gate closed” signs and install spring loaded self closing gates.

Question 16

What is the solution to dogs chasing sheep?

Answer 16

• Park Rangers are employed to prevent problems by encouraging responsible tourism.

Question 17

What is the solution of stone walls being destroyed?

Answer 17

• Stone walls are destroyed
• Voluntary bodies such as the National Trust, protect areas by buying land and buildings, and maintaining walls and footpaths.

Question 18

What is the solution to littering?

Answer 18

• Park rangers liaise with different land users to minimise problems.

Question 19

What is the solution to walkers walking over crops and farmland?

Answer 19

• Visitor centre staff aim to educate the public’s bout the countryside code/outdoor access code.
  
  • They can also create footpaths.

Question 20

What is the solution to increased litter?

Answer 20

• Increased Litter
• National parks have removed litter bins in hope that people take their litter home.

Question 21

What is the solution to more noise and air pollution from increased traffic?

Answer 21

• Rail and bus services have been improved to reduce the number of cars in the national park.

Question 22

What is the solution to services may close as second owners are not permanent residents?

Answer 22

• Weekly vans providing services to small villages e.g mobile library

Question 23

What is a conflict between tourists and renewables, and what is the solution?

Answer 23

Wind turbines could be unsightly leading to reduced tourism in specific areas.