Glands (Endo/Exocrine) Flashcards
What is an endocrine gland?
Produce secretions into surrounding interstitial fluid which then enters blood stream, these secretions known as HORMONES
What are Chronic, Acute, Episodic patterns of hormone secretion?
Chronic - Constant secretion
Acute - Inconsistent levels of secretion
Episodic - Occurs sometimes, not regularly
How can hormone secretion be regulated?
Neural or hormonal
What are the classes of hormones?
- Proteins & Polypeptides
- Steroids
- Derivatives of amino acid tyrosine
What are some of the main parts of the endocrine system?
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal gland
- Pituitary gland
- (para)Thyroid gland
- Ovary/Testes
- Thymus
- Pancreas
- Adrenal glands
Whats the function of the parathyroid gland and what does it result in?
Secretion of parathyroid hormone to raise blood calcium levels
Results in osteoclasts resorbing bone which releases calcium into bloodstream
What are the two types of cells found in the parathyroid gland and whats their functions?
Chief cells: Synthesise & secrete PTH
Oxyphil cells: Found in clusters, numerous mitochondria - NO KNOWN FUNCTION
What is an exocrine gland?
Secretion through DUCTS that open onto epithelial surface
What are the types of exocrine secretions and what do they contain??
- Serous: Watery secretion containing enzymes
- Mucous: Secrete mucins which hydrate to form mucous
- Mixed: contains both
What are the major salivary glands?
Parotid - Serous
Submandibular - Mixed
Sublingual - Mucous
What are islets of langerhans?
Small islands of cells producing hormones regulate blood glucose levels
What is type 1&2 diabetes and whats the difference?
Type 1: Destruction of (Beta Cells) which requires external insulin as body doesnt produce
Type 2: Insulin resistant - tissues lost sensitivity to insulin
