Glands

Question 1

Parotid Gland

Answer 1

• a salivary gland on the face and into the neck and is surround by fascia called the parotid
  capsule.

Parotid duct -
Crosses lateral surface of masseter and turns medially and pierces BUCCINATOR and empties opposite the maxillary second molar

GETS SENSORY/PARASYMPATHETICS/SYMPATHETICS

Innervation:

• the parotid capsule has a sensory supply called the greater auricular nerve (subcutaneous) (cervical plexus: C2-C3)
• the gland itself is innervated by the auricularotemporal nerve (sensory branch of the posterior division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal)

The Auricolartemporal nerve also carries postganglionic parasympathetic hitchhiking fibers from the OTIC GANGLION to the gland which received its preganglionic parasympathetics from the lesser petrosal nerve (CN-IX) .

The parotid gland also gets postganglionic sympathetic supply –The cell bodies are sitting in the superior cervical ganglion and then they travel on the external carotid artery part of the external carotid plexus. EXTERNAL CAROTID ENDS AND BIFURCATES IN THE PAROTID to superficial temporal/ maxillary gland

FACIAL NERVE –> travels through the parotid
gland –> gives two divisions w/in the parotid gland TEMPOROFACIAL AND CERVICOFACIAL
which further divide into even more branches. (BIG FACIAL NERVE PLEXUS INSIDE PAROTID)

Question 2

OTIC GANGLION

Answer 2

–parasympathetic ganglion just
below foramen ovale, in the ITF, medial to V3 nerve
trunk.
Preganglionic fibers from medulla (inferior salivatory
nucleus) leave skull through the jugular foramen with
IX, separate as tympanic branch of IX, enter middle ear
via tympanic canaliculus (carotico-tympanic foramina),
contribute to tympanic plexus, and reform as lesser
superficial petrosal nerve.
Lesser petrosal nerve enters middle cranial fossa,
travels down the canaliculus innominatus, exits via
foramen ovale to terminate in otic ganglion.
Postganglionic fibers are secretomotor to parotid gland
and reach it via hitch-hiking with the auriculotemporal
nerve.

Question 3

Lacrimal Gland

Answer 3

Produces, moves, drains fluid
• Lacrimal gland continuously secretes
• Fluid accumulates in lacrimal lake
• Lacrimal canaliculi drain fluid
• Canaliculi enter lacrimal sac
• Blinking forces fluid into nasolacrimal duct
• Duct drains into inferior meatus

Lacrimal Parasympathetic (Secretomotor)
• Secretomotor (parasympathetic) fibers leave CNS with facial nerve (CN VII), goes to the geniculate ganglion where it leaves as the greater petrosal nerve, which  then becomes the nerve of the pterygoid canal.

• Synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion in PPF
• Hitch a ride with V2 until it joins lacrimal n. (V1) short ciliary nerves take fibers to glands

Sympathetic lacrimal innervation

• Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in superior cervical ganglion
• Travel in plexus surrounding internal carotid artery
• Leave plexus as deep petrosal nerve
• Join with greater petrosal nerve to form nerve of pterygoid canal
• Pass through pterygopalatine ganglion w/out synapsing
• Travel with parasympathetic fibers

Question 4

Submandibular Gland

Answer 4

that the submandibular gland wraps around the posterior free margin of the mylohyoid
>>>intraoral lobe and
extraoral lobe of
submandibular
gland

Duct (Wharton’s duct) travels along the lateral edge of oral cavity under the mucosa, and opens into the sublingual papilla

Submandibular duct crosses over the lingual nerve from medial to lateral as it travels anteriorly, across the floor of the oral cavity, hugging the lateral wall
under the mucosa

Question 5

Sublingual Gland

Answer 5

Many small ducts open directly into oral cavity or into submandibular duct

Forms the sublingual fold under the tongue
Is anterior to submandibular gland and entirely within oral cavity (superior to
mylohyoid)

Question 6

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Answer 6

A branch of CN VII
• Carries preganglionic parasympathetics (and taste)
• Branches off of facial in the facial canal at the geniculate ganglion
• Travels across the middle cranial fossa on petrous part of temporal bone
• Travels through pterygoid canal to the
pterygopalatine ganglion and synapses
• Distributes with branches of V2
• Is secretomotor to glands above the oral cavity

Question 7

Submandibular Ganglion

Answer 7

A branch of CN VII
• Carries preganglionic parasympathetics (and taste)
• Branches off of facial in the facial canal just beforestylomastoid foramen
• Travels through the petrous part of the temporal bone to the middle ear
• Passes between the incus and malleus
• Exits via the petrotympanic fissure
• Hitchhikes on the lingual nerve of V3
• Travels to submandibular ganglion and synapses
• Is secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual
glands