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Anatomy > Arteries of Head/Neck > Flashcards

Arteries of Head/Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta

A

Starts at Aorta and gives off 3 branches:

The Left Common Carotid

The Left Subclavian

The Brachiocephalic

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2
Q

Brachiocephalic a.

A

Splits into

Right Subclavian and Right Common Carotid

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3
Q

The Subclavian a.

A

4 Branches:

1) Internal Thoracic
2) Vertebral
3) Thyrocervical
4) Costocervical

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4
Q

Vertebral a.

A

branch of subclavian

Branches:
Anterior/posterior spinal a.
Posterior inferior cerebellar a. (PICA)
Segmental a. to spinal cord (spinal and radicular)

Merges to form BASILAR ARTERY: (circle of willis)
- Anterior inferior cerebellar a.
- Labryrinthe a.
- Pontine a.
- Superior cerebellar a.
- Posterior cerbral a.
which then splits into the POSTERIOR COMMUNCATING BRANCHING
anastomoses with the internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis);

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5
Q

Thryocervical a.

A

Branch of Subclavian

4 branches:

1) Inferior Thyroid a.
2) Transverse Cervical a.
3) Suprascapular a.
4) Ascending Cervical a.

all branches anterior to anterior scalene

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6
Q

Inferior Thyroid a.

A

Branch of Thyrocervical

Inferior Laryngeal a.

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7
Q

Costocervical

A

Branch of Subclavian

2 branches:

1) Supreme Intercostal a.
2) Deep Cervical a.

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8
Q

Common Carotid Artery

A

(R = Brachiocephalic/ L= Aorta)

2 branches:

1) External
2) Internal

Branches from both the external and internal carotid arteries (once it has entered the cranium) supply the face. Highly vascular with many anastomoses across the midline and also between external and internal carotid branches.

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9
Q

External Carotid Artery

A

Direct Branches:

1) Superior Thyroid
2) Ascending Pharyngeal
3) Lingual
4) Facial
5) Occipital
6) Posterior Auricular
7) Superficial Temporal
8) Maxillary

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10
Q

Superior Thyroid a.

A

direct branch of external

Superior laryngeal a.

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11
Q

Ascending Pharyngeal a.

A

direct branch of external

Branches: 
pharyngeal brs.
inferior tympanic a.,
(tympanic canniliculus) 
posterior meningeal a
palatine tonsilar br.

Blood supply to: pharyngotympanic tube, dura, pharynx,

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12
Q

Lingual a.

A

direct branch of external

Branches: 
Dorsal lingual 
Sublingual 
Deep Lingual 
Suprahyoid a.

Blood supply to: tongue, suprahyoid muscles, palatine tonsil

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13
Q

Facial a.

A

Branch of external carotid

Branches:

Cervical branch = 
ascending palatine a.,
tonsilar 
submental a.
glandular a. 
Facial = 
inferior labial a.
superior labial a.
   - septal branch 
lateral nasal a.
 - alar branches 
angular a. (continuous with facial)
Submental a.
(arises in neck but comes onto face)

Facial artery gives a branch called superior labial artery + an inferior labial artery. It goes up the angle of the nose and gives a lateralbranch and then changes it’s
name to ANGULAR ARTERY. termination is at anterior face as angular artery (terminal branch); anastomosis with Ophthalmic a.

Location: ascends anteriorly through the cheek with a tortuous route towards the nasolabial fold;

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14
Q

Occipital a.

A

direct branch of external carotid

Has mengingeal branch to dura

Stylomastoid a. (stylomastoid foramen)
>posterior tympanic a.

occipital a. anastomoses with the deep cervical a.; it courses with the greater occipital nerve on the posterior surface of the head

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15
Q

Posterior Auricular a.

A

direct branch of external

Stylomastoid a. (stylomastoid foramen)
>posterior tympanic a.

Blood supply to: part of the external ear, scalp and deeper structures posterior to the ear

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16
Q

Maxillary a.

A

terminal branch of external carotid

  • First (mandibular/ “bony) part: - which travels between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament

1) Deep Auricular artery (enters squamotympanic fissure)
2) Anterior Tympanic artery (enters squamotympanic fissure)
3) Middle Meningeal artery (enters foramen spinosum)
4) Accessory Meningeal artery (enters foramen ovale)

5) Inferior alveolar artery (enters mandibular foramen)
artery to mylohyoid
> mental a. (mental foramen)
** Second (pterygoid or muscular) part:

1) Anterior Deep temporal branches
2) Posterior Deep Temporal branches
3) Masseteric artery
>lat. pterygoid
> medial pteryogoid

4) Buccal artery

***Third (pterygopalatine) part

1) posterior superior alveolar artery (travels FROM the pterygopalatine fossa TO the infratemporal fossa with nerve to supply dentition)
2) infraorbital artery (enters infaorbital foramen)
> anterior superior alveolar a.
> middle superior alveolar a.
> inferior palpebral a.
3) artery of the pterygoid canal
4) pharyngeal artery (enters palatovaginal canal)
5) greater (descending) palatine artery (enters greater palatine foramen)
>greater/lesser palatine aa.s
6) sphenopalatine artery - runs with nasopalatine artery
terminal branch (enters sphenopalatine foramen)

17
Q

Superficial Temporal a.

A

terminal branch of external carotid

Branch:
Transverse facial

The auriculotemporal nerve and superficial temporal artery travel together, passing anterior to the ear.

18
Q

Sphenopalatine a.

A

Branch of maxillary a. (third part - pterygoid)

Branches:
> posterior lateral nasal
> posterior septal branches
- nasopalatine branch: arises in nasal cavity on the nasal septum and runs with the terminal part of nasopalatine n.

posterior aspect of the nasal septum;

travels with nasopalatine artery through sphenopalatine foramen (between sphenoid bone and palatine bone)

19
Q

Internal Carotid Artery

A

Direct branches:

1) Ophthalmic a.
- medial palpebral
- supratrochlear (frontal notch)
- supraorbital
- dorsal nasal (terminal branch)
- lacrimal
- zygomaticofacial
- anterior ethmoidal (anterior ethmoidal foramen)
> external nasal
> septal branch

2) Posterior ethmoidal (posterior ethmoidal foramen)
- septal branch

3) Posterior Communicating
4) Anterior choroidal
5) Anterior cerebral
6) middle cerebral
7) Artery of Pterygoid Canal (joins with same name a. from maxillary)
8) caroticotympanic a.
> is a vestigial remnant of the hyoid artery; passes posterolaterally into the middle ear cavity and anastomoses with the inferior tympanic artery (a branch of the external carotid artery)

20
Q

Ophthalmic a.

A

Branch of Internal

Branches:

  • central retinal a. (found in optic nerve)
  • lacrimal a.
  • anterior ethmoidal a.
  • posterior ethmoidal a.,
  • medial palpebral a.,
  • supraorbital a.,
  • supratrochlear a.,
  • dorsal nasal a.

Supplies: optic nerve, optic chiasm optic tract, retina, extraocular mm., eyelids, forehead, ethmoidal air cells, lateral nasal wall, dorsum of the nose

21
Q

Accessory Meningeal a.

A

Branch of 1st part of Maxillary a. (branch of external carotid)

Travels through foramen ovale

supplies the trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal ganglion =a sensory ganglion that has the
First order cell bodies of V1 V2 V3 sitting in it

22
Q

Arteries of Pharnyx

A 
External carotid a.-primary
supply to pharynx and soft palate
-superior thyroid a.
---superior laryngeal artery.
-ascending pharyngeal artery
----pharyngeal a.
----palatine a.
-lingual a.
----dorsal lingual a. (post. 1/3 of tongue)
  • facial artery (cervical branches)
  • —ascending palatine artery
  • —tonsillar a. (palatine tonsils)

Also supplied by the inferior
thyroid artery, which provides an
inferior laryngeal artery

23
Q

Arteries of Larynx

A 
Superior laryngeal
• branch of superior
thyroid artery
• Accompanies
internal laryngeal
nerve
Inferior laryngeal
• Branch of inferior
thyroid
• Accompanies
recurrent laryngeal
nerve
24
Q

Arteries of Eyes

A 
– Branches of ophthalmic
– Rods and cones receive nutrients from
choriocapillaries
– Central retinal artery (supplies retina except
for rods and cones)
• Travels in middle of optic nerve
• Enters area of retina at optic disc
• Occlusion leads to blindness
25
Q

Labyrinthine (acoustic) artery

A

Branch of: Basilar a.

Branches: Vestibular a.
Cochlear a.

26
Q

internal Thoracic a.

A

Branch of the Subclavian a.

Branches: Anterior intercostal a.
***Pericardiacophrenic a.

27
Q

Periocardiacophrenic a.

A

Runs with the PHRENIC nerve (anterior to the root of the lung)

BRANCH OF INTERNAL THORACIC WHICH IS A
BRANCH OF THE SUBCLAVIAN

GIVES OFF ANTERIOR INTERCOSAL

side note (Posterior Intercostal comes from descending aorta)

supply to: periocardium and diaphragm

28
Q

Middle Meningeal artery

A

Branch of: 1st part (bony part) of Maxillary a.

Enters through foramen spinosum to innervate middle meninges

Branches:
> Superior Tympanic a. (travelling with lesser petrosal n.)
> Superficial (Greater) Petrosal A. (travelling with greater petrosal n. and supplies geniculate ganglion)
> ganglionic branches to TRIGEMINAL ganglion

29
Q

Ascending Cervical a

A

Branch of Thyrocervical trunk:

Supplies phrenic nerve and travels with it IN THE NECK

Anatomy (14 decks)

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