Arteries of Head/Neck Flashcards
Aorta
Starts at Aorta and gives off 3 branches:
The Left Common Carotid
The Left Subclavian
The Brachiocephalic
Brachiocephalic a.
Splits into
Right Subclavian and Right Common Carotid
The Subclavian a.
4 Branches:
1) Internal Thoracic
2) Vertebral
3) Thyrocervical
4) Costocervical
Vertebral a.
branch of subclavian
Branches:
Anterior/posterior spinal a.
Posterior inferior cerebellar a. (PICA)
Segmental a. to spinal cord (spinal and radicular)
Merges to form BASILAR ARTERY: (circle of willis)
- Anterior inferior cerebellar a.
- Labryrinthe a.
- Pontine a.
- Superior cerebellar a.
- Posterior cerbral a.
which then splits into the POSTERIOR COMMUNCATING BRANCHING
anastomoses with the internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis);
Thryocervical a.
Branch of Subclavian
4 branches:
1) Inferior Thyroid a.
2) Transverse Cervical a.
3) Suprascapular a.
4) Ascending Cervical a.
all branches anterior to anterior scalene
Inferior Thyroid a.
Branch of Thyrocervical
Inferior Laryngeal a.
Costocervical
Branch of Subclavian
2 branches:
1) Supreme Intercostal a.
2) Deep Cervical a.
Common Carotid Artery
(R = Brachiocephalic/ L= Aorta)
2 branches:
1) External
2) Internal
Branches from both the external and internal carotid arteries (once it has entered the cranium) supply the face. Highly vascular with many anastomoses across the midline and also between external and internal carotid branches.
External Carotid Artery
Direct Branches:
1) Superior Thyroid
2) Ascending Pharyngeal
3) Lingual
4) Facial
5) Occipital
6) Posterior Auricular
7) Superficial Temporal
8) Maxillary
Superior Thyroid a.
direct branch of external
Superior laryngeal a.
Ascending Pharyngeal a.
direct branch of external
Branches: pharyngeal brs. inferior tympanic a., (tympanic canniliculus) posterior meningeal a palatine tonsilar br.
Blood supply to: pharyngotympanic tube, dura, pharynx,
Lingual a.
direct branch of external
Branches: Dorsal lingual Sublingual Deep Lingual Suprahyoid a.
Blood supply to: tongue, suprahyoid muscles, palatine tonsil
Facial a.
Branch of external carotid
Branches:
Cervical branch = ascending palatine a., tonsilar submental a. glandular a.
Facial = inferior labial a. superior labial a. - septal branch lateral nasal a. - alar branches angular a. (continuous with facial) Submental a. (arises in neck but comes onto face)
Facial artery gives a branch called superior labial artery + an inferior labial artery. It goes up the angle of the nose and gives a lateralbranch and then changes it’s
name to ANGULAR ARTERY. termination is at anterior face as angular artery (terminal branch); anastomosis with Ophthalmic a.
Location: ascends anteriorly through the cheek with a tortuous route towards the nasolabial fold;
Occipital a.
direct branch of external carotid
Has mengingeal branch to dura
Stylomastoid a. (stylomastoid foramen)
>posterior tympanic a.
occipital a. anastomoses with the deep cervical a.; it courses with the greater occipital nerve on the posterior surface of the head
Posterior Auricular a.
direct branch of external
Stylomastoid a. (stylomastoid foramen)
>posterior tympanic a.
Blood supply to: part of the external ear, scalp and deeper structures posterior to the ear
Maxillary a.
terminal branch of external carotid
- First (mandibular/ “bony) part: - which travels between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament
1) Deep Auricular artery (enters squamotympanic fissure)
2) Anterior Tympanic artery (enters squamotympanic fissure)
3) Middle Meningeal artery (enters foramen spinosum)
4) Accessory Meningeal artery (enters foramen ovale)
5) Inferior alveolar artery (enters mandibular foramen)
artery to mylohyoid
> mental a. (mental foramen)
** Second (pterygoid or muscular) part:
1) Anterior Deep temporal branches
2) Posterior Deep Temporal branches
3) Masseteric artery
>lat. pterygoid
> medial pteryogoid
4) Buccal artery
***Third (pterygopalatine) part
1) posterior superior alveolar artery (travels FROM the pterygopalatine fossa TO the infratemporal fossa with nerve to supply dentition)
2) infraorbital artery (enters infaorbital foramen)
> anterior superior alveolar a.
> middle superior alveolar a.
> inferior palpebral a.
3) artery of the pterygoid canal
4) pharyngeal artery (enters palatovaginal canal)
5) greater (descending) palatine artery (enters greater palatine foramen)
>greater/lesser palatine aa.s
6) sphenopalatine artery - runs with nasopalatine artery
terminal branch (enters sphenopalatine foramen)
Superficial Temporal a.
terminal branch of external carotid
Branch:
Transverse facial
The auriculotemporal nerve and superficial temporal artery travel together, passing anterior to the ear.
Sphenopalatine a.
Branch of maxillary a. (third part - pterygoid)
Branches:
> posterior lateral nasal
> posterior septal branches
- nasopalatine branch: arises in nasal cavity on the nasal septum and runs with the terminal part of nasopalatine n.
posterior aspect of the nasal septum;
travels with nasopalatine artery through sphenopalatine foramen (between sphenoid bone and palatine bone)
Internal Carotid Artery
Direct branches:
1) Ophthalmic a.
- medial palpebral
- supratrochlear (frontal notch)
- supraorbital
- dorsal nasal (terminal branch)
- lacrimal
- zygomaticofacial
- anterior ethmoidal (anterior ethmoidal foramen)
> external nasal
> septal branch
2) Posterior ethmoidal (posterior ethmoidal foramen)
- septal branch
3) Posterior Communicating
4) Anterior choroidal
5) Anterior cerebral
6) middle cerebral
7) Artery of Pterygoid Canal (joins with same name a. from maxillary)
8) caroticotympanic a.
> is a vestigial remnant of the hyoid artery; passes posterolaterally into the middle ear cavity and anastomoses with the inferior tympanic artery (a branch of the external carotid artery)
Ophthalmic a.
Branch of Internal
Branches:
- central retinal a. (found in optic nerve)
- lacrimal a.
- anterior ethmoidal a.
- posterior ethmoidal a.,
- medial palpebral a.,
- supraorbital a.,
- supratrochlear a.,
- dorsal nasal a.
Supplies: optic nerve, optic chiasm optic tract, retina, extraocular mm., eyelids, forehead, ethmoidal air cells, lateral nasal wall, dorsum of the nose
Accessory Meningeal a.
Branch of 1st part of Maxillary a. (branch of external carotid)
Travels through foramen ovale
supplies the trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal ganglion =a sensory ganglion that has the
First order cell bodies of V1 V2 V3 sitting in it
Arteries of Pharnyx
External carotid a.-primary supply to pharynx and soft palate -superior thyroid a. ---superior laryngeal artery. -ascending pharyngeal artery ----pharyngeal a. ----palatine a. -lingual a. ----dorsal lingual a. (post. 1/3 of tongue)
- facial artery (cervical branches)
- —ascending palatine artery
- —tonsillar a. (palatine tonsils)
Also supplied by the inferior
thyroid artery, which provides an
inferior laryngeal artery
Arteries of Larynx
Superior laryngeal • branch of superior thyroid artery • Accompanies internal laryngeal nerve
Inferior laryngeal • Branch of inferior thyroid • Accompanies recurrent laryngeal nerve
Arteries of Eyes
– Branches of ophthalmic – Rods and cones receive nutrients from choriocapillaries – Central retinal artery (supplies retina except for rods and cones) • Travels in middle of optic nerve • Enters area of retina at optic disc • Occlusion leads to blindness
