Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term ‘gland’

A

Epithelial cell or collection of cells specialised for secretion

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2
Q

How are glands controlled? List some ways

A
  • Nervous control
  • Endocrine control
  • Neuro-endocrine control
  • Negative feedback
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3
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

gland with ducts that secretes onto a surface

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4
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

Ductless gland that secretes directly into the blood

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5
Q

What is a mucous gland?

A

Secretions contain mucus, rich in mucins (highly glycosylated polypeptides)

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6
Q

What is a serous gland?

A

Secretions are watery and free of mucus

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7
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Opposite of merocrine secretion (engulfing material initially outside of cell). Transepithelial transport is endocytosis and exocytosis

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8
Q

Describe merocrine secretion

A

1) Membrane bound vesicle approaches cell surface
2) Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane
3) Contents of vesicle are in continuity with extracellular space
4) Plasma membrane becomes slightly larger
5) Membrane retrieved, stabilising cell surface

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9
Q

Describe apocrine secretion

A

1) Non-membrane bound structure approaches cell surface
2) Apical surface drapes around structure
3) Membrane surrounding droplet pinches off
4) Membrane added to regain original surface area

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10
Q

Describe holocrine secretion

A

Discharge of whole cell

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11
Q

What is the structure of serous membrane?

A
  • Thin

- 2 part

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12
Q

Which cavities does serous membrane envelope?

A
  • Viscera
  • Peritoneum
  • Pleural sac
  • Pericardial sac

All closed, internal

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13
Q

Which cavities do mucous membranes line?

A
  • Internal surfaces that open to exterior
  • Alimentary
  • Respiratory
  • Urinary
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14
Q

What does the mucous membrane consist of?

A
  • Mucus secreting cell
  • Epithelium lining lumen of a tube
  • Adjacent layer of connective tissue (lamina propria)
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15
Q

In the alimentary tract what other components of the mucous membrane are seen?

A

-Muscalaris mucosae (smooth layer of muscle cells)

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16
Q

What are the simple exocrine glands?

A
  • Simple Tubular
  • Simple Branched tubular
  • Simple coiled tubular
  • Simple acinar
  • Simple branched acinar
17
Q

What are complex exocrine glands?

A
  • Compound tubular
  • Compound acinar
  • Compound tubolacinar
18
Q

Where are simple tubular glands found?

A

intestinal glands

19
Q

Where are simple branched tubular glands found?

A

stomach glands

20
Q

Where are simple coiled tubular glands found?

A

sweat glands

21
Q

Where are simple acinar glands found?

A

Not in adults

22
Q

Where are simple branched acinar glands found?

A

Sebaceous glands

23
Q

Where are compound tubular glands found?

A

testes, bulbourethral glands, mucous glands in mouth

24
Q

Where are compound acinar glands found?

A

Mammary glands

25
Q

Where are compound tubuloacinar glands found?

A

salivary glands, pancreas, some glands of respiratory passages

26
Q

List some endocrine glands

A
  • pineal gland
  • pituitary gland
  • pancreas
  • ovaries
  • testes
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • hypothalamus
  • adrenal glands.
27
Q

List some glands with endocrine and exocrine function

A

kidney, pancreas and gonads

28
Q

List some exocrine glands

A
  • sweat
  • sebaceous
  • mammary