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endocrine system > glands > Flashcards

glands Flashcards

1
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers produced in one tissue and carried by the blood to act on other parts of the body

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2
Q

The hormone adrenaline acts in concert with what part of the nervous system?

A

sympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

endocrine glands secrete hormones where?

A

directly into the bloodstream

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4
Q

exocrine secretions

A

do not contain hormones and are released through ducts into a body compartment

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5
Q

The release of digestive enzyme by the pancreas into the small intestine though the pancreatic duct is a example of

A

exocrine secretion

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6
Q

hypothalamus is located

A

a section of the posterior forebrain
above the pituitary gland which it is intimately associated via a portal circulatory system that carries blood directly from the hypo to the pit.

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7
Q

In most parts of the circulatory system, blood flows directly back to the heart from capillaries but in a portal system

A

blood flows from capillaries in one organ to capillaries to another

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8
Q

pituitary glands

A

two glands, anterior and posterior, function as independent glands

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9
Q

Anterior gland secretes

A

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

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10
Q

growth hormone

A

anterior pituitary gland
GH
fosters growth in a variety of body tissues

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11
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

TSH
anterior pituitary gland
stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete hormone, thyroxine

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12
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

A

anterior pituitary gland

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its corticoids

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13
Q

prolactin

A

anterior pituitary gland

responsible for milk production by female mammary glands

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14
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone FSH

A

anterior pituitary gland
spurs maturation of seminiferous tubules in males and causes maturation of ovaries in females. Also maturation of follicles in the ovaries.

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15
Q

luteinizing hormone LH

A

anterior pituitary gland
induces interstitial cells of the tests to mature by beginning to secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. For females stimulates ovulation of the primary oocyte from the follicle.
creates corpus luteum that subsequently secretes progesterone and estrogen

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16
Q

posterior pituitary location and two hormone secretion

A

direct extension of nervous tissue from the hypothalamus
direct hormone release
antidiuretic hormone ADH and oxytocin

17
Q

antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

posterior pituitary gland
also known as vasopressin
acts on kidneys to reduce water loss

18
Q

oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary gland

acts on the uterus during birth to cause contractions

19
Q

thyroid hormone accelerates?

A

oxidative metabolism throughout the body

20
Q

abnormal deficiency of thyroxine causes

A

goiter, decrease heart rate, lethargy, obesity, decrease mental alertness

21
Q

hyperthyroidism causes

A

profuse perspiration, high body temperature, increased basal metabolic rate, high blood pressure, weight loss, irritability

22
Q

parathyroid glands are located

A

these small pea-like organs are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid

23
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

regulates calcium and phosphate balance in the blood and other tissues

24
Q

why is parathyroid important?

A

plasma calcium must be maintained at a constant level for the function of muscles and neurons

25
Q

what hormone increases bone formation?

A

parathyroid hormone

26
Q

insulin

A

stimulates muscles to remove glucose from the blood when concentrations are too high
spurring muscles and the liver to convert glycogen stored to form glucose

27
Q

adrenal glands are located and consists of

A

on top of the kidneys

the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla

28
Q

corticosteroids

A

effective anti-inflammatory medicines but their use is limited by their alterations of fat metabolism and suppression of the immune system

like prednisone cause weight gain and lower immune response

29
Q

In response to stress the ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete?

A

corticosteroid

30
Q

Too much adrenal androgens in females cause?

A

masculinizing effects like facial hair

31
Q

reproductive glands

A

gonads
testes produce testosterone
ovaries produce estrogen

endocrine system (4 decks)

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