Gladiatorial Games and Gladiators

Question 1

Where did gladiatorial contests originate from

Answer 1

funeral games to honour dead aristocrats in etruscan society

Question 2

7 main types of gladiator

Answer 2

-Secutor
-Murmillo
-Thraex
-Hoplomachus
-Retiarus
-Eques
-Provocator

Question 3

Murmillo opponents

Answer 3

-Thraex
- Hoplomachus

Question 4

Thraex opponent

Answer 4

Murmillo

Question 5

Hoplomachus opponents

Answer 5

Murmillo and very rarely, thraex

Question 6

Secutor oppponents

Answer 6

Retiarius

Question 7

Retiarius opponents

Answer 7

secutor

Question 8

Provocators and Eques oopponents

Answer 8

other provocators

Question 9

Murmillo tactics

Answer 9

stand in a basic position of left foot and shoulder forward
-top of scutum at mouth level and lower portion overlapping the greave by 10cm
– gave protection from the foe and from the shield hitting the shin
-scutum could be used offensively but the murmillo primarily thrust and occasionally slashed with the gladius

Question 10

Retiarius tactics

Answer 10

-net was used until lost, thrown in an underarm motion with trident pointing downwards
-trident = primary offensive weapon
- trident could be used to disarm a secutor
-Retiarii often shown jabbing at the legs
-Could thrust with much power at the head of thee secutor over the shield, which is why secutors needed smooth helmets

Question 11

Eques Tactics

Answer 11

-Started on horse but often finished battle on foot when horse was injured or killed

Question 12

Who were gladitorial schools set up and run by

Answer 12

A Lanista

Question 13

what is a lanista

Answer 13

a private entrepreneur who aquired men by purchase or recruitment, trained them and then hired them to clients

Question 14

What kind of people were gladiators predominantly

Answer 14

Men of low status as well as volunteers.

Question 15

What did the training programs prioritise

Answer 15

-maximise physical fitness
-balanced diet
- hard training
-medical attention

Question 16

Where and what did gladiators use to practise and train

Answer 16

a small arena, using blunt instruments made of wood
- they trained with a post before training with a live opponent

Question 17

What were gladiators that fought animals called

Answer 17

venatores

Question 18

What did the most popular animal hunt fights inclue

Answer 18

dangerous beasts eg. lions, tigers, leopards, and bears.
- venatores armed with spears

Question 19

What are the types of spectacles linked to animals

Answer 19

• presentations of exotic animals
  -shows with trained performing animals
• hunting of animals
• fights between venatores and dangerous animals
  -executions of criminals by throwing them to wild animals without weapons.

Question 20

Parmula shield

Answer 20

small square shield belonging to the thraex

Question 21

Scutum

Answer 21

curved rectangular shield belonging to murmillo

Question 22

hoplon

Answer 22

small round shield of the hoplomachus