Gladiation

Question 1

What is glaciation

Answer 1

The spread of great masses of ice across large areas of sea and land

Question 2

What are the warmed times between ice ages known as

Answer 2

Interglacial

Question 3

When did this interglacial period begin

Answer 3

10000

Question 4

What % of the land is covered by ice

Answer 4

10

Question 5

How do glaciers form

Answer 5

When the accumulation of snow is greater than ablation (melting)

As snow falls ice crystals are compressed pushing air out

After time more air is pressed out and the ice turns blue

Question 6

What’s the name of the compressed snow

Answer 6

Firn/neve

Question 7

How long does it take for the snow to turn blue

Answer 7

30/40 years of compression

Question 8

Why do glacier flow down hill

Answer 8

Gravity

Question 9

What determines if a glacier moves downhill or retreats back

Answer 9

Balance between accumulation and melting

Question 10

When does a glacier go downhill

Answer 10

If more snow is added than lost

Question 11

Why do crevasses form

Answer 11

When ice moves downhill at different speeds over the landscape

Question 12

What are the types of glaciers

Answer 12

Corrie/cirque
Valley
Piedmont
Ice sheets

Question 13

What is a corrie / cirque

Answer 13

Small glaciers formed in armchair chased hollows high in mountainous areas

Question 14

What is a valley glacier

Answer 14

Larger glaciers that fill valley mountains

Question 15

What is a Piedmont glacier

Answer 15

Several valleys joined together on low land areas

Eg Iceland

Question 16

What are ice sheet glaciers

Answer 16

Huge masses of ice covering large continents eg Greenland

Question 17

What is a glacial process

Answer 17

Any change to the earths surface

Question 18

What are the three glacial processes

Answer 18

Erosion
Transportation
Deposition

Question 19

What are the processes of glacial erosion

Answer 19

Plucking and abrasion

Question 20

What is plucking

Answer 20

Ice puts pressure on the base and sides of the valley causing them to melt creating a thin film of meltwater for the ice to slide over (BASAL FLOW)
This meltwater seeps into cracks in the rock, expands and
crumbles it.
When the ice moves it carries the plucks with it

Question 21

What is abrasion

Answer 21

Plucked fragments stuck in the glacier act as sand paper scraping the landscape under it creating scratched

Question 22

What are the scratches cause by abrasion cause and what can they help with

Answer 22

Straitions or striae and they help indicate what direction the ice moved

Question 23

What is the name for Rick fragments carried by the glacier

Answer 23

Moraine

Question 24

What is rock fragments
Under the ice called
In the ice called
On the side

Answer 24

Ground moraine
Englacial moraine
Lateral moraine

Question 25

What is the process of glacial transport

Answer 25

Moraine carried by a glacier

Question 26

What is the name for material deposited by ice called

Answer 26

Drift

Question 27

What are the two types of drift called

Answer 27

Till | Fluvioglacial drift

Question 28

What is till

Answer 28

Unlayered Boulder clay dropped by melting ice

Question 29

What is Fluvioglacial drift

Answer 29

Layered sand and gravel deposited by melt water

Question 30

What are the lamdforms of upland glacial erosion

Answer 30

Corrie, arête, pyramidal peak

Question 31

What are the mosh processes of carries, aretes and pyramidal peaks

Answer 31

``` Freeze thaw action Nivation Rotational slip Plucking Abrasion ```

Question 32

Where are birthplaces of all glaciers

Answer 32

Corries

Question 33

What is an arete

Answer 33

When two Corries form back to back a knife edges ridge called an arete is formed between the two

Question 34

What causes an arete to sharpen and become more rigid

Answer 34

Freeze thaw action

Question 35

What is a pyramidal peak

Answer 35

Number of Corries formed around a high mountain continues erosion of their back walls create a pyramidal peak

Question 36

What are land forms of glacial erosion

Answer 36

``` U shaped valley Truncated spurs Hanging valley Fiords Ribbon lake ```

Question 37

``` What are the main processes of U shaped valley Truncated spurs Hanging valley Fiords Ribbon lake ```

Answer 37

Deepening and widening of existing river valleys by plucking abrasion and freeze thaw action

Question 38

What are the land forms formed by glacial deposition

Answer 38

Boulder clay plain Moraine Drumlin Erratic

Question 39

What is a Boulder clay plain formed by

Answer 39

Plucking Me,ting Transportation Deposition

Question 40

What are the main processes of moraines

Answer 40

Mass movement from valley sides, transport, melting and deposition

Question 41

What are moraines

Answer 41

Material carried by the glacier and deposited on the land that form ridges of stone and Boulder clay which depend on location have different names

Question 42

What are the main processes of drumlins

Answer 42

Plucking, melting, friction, deposition

Question 43

What is a drumlin

Answer 43

Small oval shaped hills make from Boulder clay | Ranged between 25-100 metres High

Question 44

What is the name of the Steep side of a drumlin The gentle side

Answer 44

Stoss side Lee side

Question 45

What are the main processes of erratics

Answer 45

Plucking, transporting, melting, deposition

Question 46

What are erratics

Answer 46

Large boulders picked up in the ice in one area and travel a long distance before being deposited Many are left on hill side

Question 47

What are landforms made my FLUVIOGLACIAL deposition

Answer 47

Out wash plain | Esker

Question 48

What are the main processes of out wash plains

Answer 48

Melting, transportation, sorting, deposition

Question 49

What are out wash plains

Answer 49

Large areas of sand and gravel

Question 50

What are the main processes of eskers

Answer 50

Melting, transportation, sorting and deposition

Question 51

What is an Esker

Answer 51

Long winding ridges of layered stands and gravel created by rivers of meltwater flowing beneath melting ice sheets

Question 52

What was the first ice age to cover Ireland | What was the second ice age to cover Ireland

Answer 52

Munsterian ice age | Midlandian ice age

Question 53

What was the musterian glaciation

Answer 53

175000, thick ice sheets sore ad from Europe to Scotland covering all of Ireland except for peaks

Question 54

What was the midlandian glaciation

Answer 54

70000 years ago | Ice sheets reached as far as Wicklow to Shannon