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Geography > Gladiation > Flashcards

Gladiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is glaciation

A

The spread of great masses of ice across large areas of sea and land

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2
Q

What are the warmed times between ice ages known as

A

Interglacial

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3
Q

When did this interglacial period begin

A

10000

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4
Q

What % of the land is covered by ice

A

10

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5
Q

How do glaciers form

A

When the accumulation of snow is greater than ablation (melting)

As snow falls ice crystals are compressed pushing air out

After time more air is pressed out and the ice turns blue

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6
Q

What’s the name of the compressed snow

A

Firn/neve

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7
Q

How long does it take for the snow to turn blue

A

30/40 years of compression

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8
Q

Why do glacier flow down hill

A

Gravity

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9
Q

What determines if a glacier moves downhill or retreats back

A

Balance between accumulation and melting

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10
Q

When does a glacier go downhill

A

If more snow is added than lost

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11
Q

Why do crevasses form

A

When ice moves downhill at different speeds over the landscape

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12
Q

What are the types of glaciers

A

Corrie/cirque
Valley
Piedmont
Ice sheets

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13
Q

What is a corrie / cirque

A

Small glaciers formed in armchair chased hollows high in mountainous areas

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14
Q

What is a valley glacier

A

Larger glaciers that fill valley mountains

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15
Q

What is a Piedmont glacier

A

Several valleys joined together on low land areas

Eg Iceland

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16
Q

What are ice sheet glaciers

A

Huge masses of ice covering large continents eg Greenland

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17
Q

What is a glacial process

A

Any change to the earths surface

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18
Q

What are the three glacial processes

A

Erosion
Transportation
Deposition

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19
Q

What are the processes of glacial erosion

A

Plucking and abrasion

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20
Q

What is plucking

A

Ice puts pressure on the base and sides of the valley causing them to melt creating a thin film of meltwater for the ice to slide over (BASAL FLOW)
This meltwater seeps into cracks in the rock, expands and
crumbles it.
When the ice moves it carries the plucks with it

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21
Q

What is abrasion

A

Plucked fragments stuck in the glacier act as sand paper scraping the landscape under it creating scratched

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22
Q

What are the scratches cause by abrasion cause and what can they help with

A

Straitions or striae and they help indicate what direction the ice moved

23
Q

What is the name for Rick fragments carried by the glacier

A

Moraine

24
Q

What is rock fragments
Under the ice called
In the ice called
On the side

A

Ground moraine
Englacial moraine
Lateral moraine

25
Q

What is the process of glacial transport

A

Moraine carried by a glacier

26
Q

What is the name for material deposited by ice called

A

Drift

27
Q

What are the two types of drift called

A

Till

Fluvioglacial drift

28
Q

What is till

A

Unlayered Boulder clay dropped by melting ice

29
Q

What is Fluvioglacial drift

A

Layered sand and gravel deposited by melt water

30
Q

What are the lamdforms of upland glacial erosion

A

Corrie, arête, pyramidal peak

31
Q

What are the mosh processes of carries, aretes and pyramidal peaks

A 
Freeze thaw action 
Nivation 
Rotational slip
Plucking 
Abrasion
32
Q

Where are birthplaces of all glaciers

A

Corries

33
Q

What is an arete

A

When two Corries form back to back a knife edges ridge called an arete is formed between the two

34
Q

What causes an arete to sharpen and become more rigid

A

Freeze thaw action

35
Q

What is a pyramidal peak

A

Number of Corries formed around a high mountain continues erosion of their back walls create a pyramidal peak

36
Q

What are land forms of glacial erosion

A 
U shaped valley 
Truncated spurs 
Hanging valley
Fiords
Ribbon lake
37
Q 
What are the main processes of 
U shaped valley 
Truncated spurs 
Hanging valley
Fiords
Ribbon lake
A

Deepening and widening of existing river valleys by plucking abrasion and freeze thaw action

38
Q

What are the land forms formed by glacial deposition

A

Boulder clay plain
Moraine
Drumlin
Erratic

39
Q

What is a Boulder clay plain formed by

A

Plucking
Me,ting
Transportation
Deposition

40
Q

What are the main processes of moraines

A

Mass movement from valley sides, transport, melting and deposition

41
Q

What are moraines

A

Material carried by the glacier and deposited on the land that form ridges of stone and Boulder clay which depend on location have different names

42
Q

What are the main processes of drumlins

A

Plucking, melting, friction, deposition

43
Q

What is a drumlin

A

Small oval shaped hills make from Boulder clay

Ranged between 25-100 metres High

44
Q

What is the name of the
Steep side of a drumlin
The gentle side

A

Stoss side

Lee side

45
Q

What are the main processes of erratics

A

Plucking, transporting, melting, deposition

46
Q

What are erratics

A

Large boulders picked up in the ice in one area and travel a long distance before being deposited
Many are left on hill side

47
Q

What are landforms made my FLUVIOGLACIAL deposition

A

Out wash plain

Esker

48
Q

What are the main processes of out wash plains

A

Melting, transportation, sorting, deposition

49
Q

What are out wash plains

A

Large areas of sand and gravel

50
Q

What are the main processes of eskers

A

Melting, transportation, sorting and deposition

51
Q

What is an Esker

A

Long winding ridges of layered stands and gravel created by rivers of meltwater flowing beneath melting ice sheets

52
Q

What was the first ice age to cover Ireland

What was the second ice age to cover Ireland

A

Munsterian ice age

Midlandian ice age

53
Q

What was the musterian glaciation

A

175000, thick ice sheets sore ad from Europe to Scotland covering all of Ireland except for peaks

54
Q

What was the midlandian glaciation

A

70000 years ago

Ice sheets reached as far as Wicklow to Shannon

Geography (9 decks)

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