Glaciations

Question 1

Period within the Climatic Optimum or Hypsithermal from about 7500 -4000 B.P when the climate was warmer than at the present

Answer 1

Altithermal

Question 2

Period in the Holocene from about 9000 to 2500 B.P when mean annual temperatures were higher than at the present day.

Answer 2

Climatic Optimum/ Hypsithermal

Question 3

Postglacial rise of sea level that has occured since the end of the Pleistocene

Answer 3

Flandrian glaciation

Question 4

Widespread Climatic episode as interpreted from Quaternary successions; eg., glaciations, interglacials, stades etc.

Answer 4

Geologic Climate Unit

Question 5

Typically an upland area to which cold climate species of animals and plants retreated as continental ice sheets withdrew and the post glacial climate ameliorated.

Answer 5

Glacial refiugium

Question 6

Informal geologic climate unit, usually accorded the status of a stage, as that term is used in quaternary stratigraphy.

Answer 6

Glaciation

Question 7

Informal geologic climatic unit, usually accorded the status of a stage, as that therm is used in Quaternary stratigraphy.

Answer 7

Glaciations

Question 8

Substage of a glacial stage when a climatic cooling caused a brief readvance of the ice.

Answer 8

Stade

Question 9

In quaternary stratigraphy, its a glacial or interglacial episode.

Answer 9

stage

Question 10

Fluvioglacial deposits laid down by meltwater streams issuing from glaciers

Answer 10

Outwash deposits

Question 11

Accumulation of unsorted, unstratified till deposited by a glacier.

Answer 11

Moraine

Question 12

Refers to sea level when it is below the shelf edge

Answer 12

lowstand

Question 13

Graph showing relative areas of the earth’s surface at different elevations above and below sea level.

Answer 13

Hypsometric curve

Question 14

Time between two glacial advances

Answer 14

Interglacial

Question 15

Short lived recessions of the ice during a period of glacial advance, a warm stage

Answer 15

Interstade

Question 16

Refers to the sea level when it is above the edge of the continental shelf

Answer 16

High stand

Question 17

Studies of the cored drills show that glacial - interglacial cycles have occured about every

Answer 17

100,000 years

Question 18

How many cycles of cooling and warming were identified for the span of ice age?

Answer 18

20 cycles

Question 19

sinuous ridge that are largely composed of sand and gravel that were once occupied by glaciers, either deposited by meltwater rivers or covered beneath a mass of motionless stagnant ice, that was revealed after melting.

Answer 19

Esker

Question 20

are streamlined assymetrical hills composed of till, where the steep sife of the hill faces the direction from which the ice advanced whereas the gentler slopes points in the direction where the ice moved.

Answer 20

Drumlins

Question 21

are steep sided hills that like eskers, are composed of sand and gravel glacial which originate from glacial meltwater that washed sediment into openings and depressions in the stagnant wasting terminus of a glacier. When the ice is melted, the stratified drift is left behind as mounds or hills

Answer 21

Kame

Question 22

Deposits that are not directly deposited by glaciers but rather reflect the sorting activity of glacial meltwater

Answer 22

stratified drift

Question 23

an all embracing term for sediments of glacial origin, no matter how, where or in what form they were deposited.

Answer 23

Glacial drift

Question 24

Glacier drift deposited directly by glaciers

Answer 24

till

Question 25

glacial drift laid down by glacial meltwater

Answer 25

stratified drift