glaciation key terminology that I didn't know from pmt

Question 1

active layer

Answer 1

the top layer of soil above permafrost which thaws annually

Question 2

basal ice melting

Answer 2

the weight of temperate glaciers can cause meltwater which will erode the bedrock through fluvial erosion

Question 3

compressional flow

Answer 3

ice builds up and thickens due to the friction created as a glacier travels upwards along a shallow gradient
UP

Question 4

extensional flow

Answer 4

ice thins out creating crevasses due to an increase in a glaciers velocity down a shallow gradient
DOWN

Question 5

frost heave

Answer 5

the freezing and expansion of water beneath the ground leading to a floor uplift

Question 6

glacial trough

Answer 6

u shaped valley formed from a v shaped river valley that becomes filled and eroded overtime by a glacier

Question 7

ice wedge

Answer 7

water infiltrates small cracks in the permafrost and expands through freezing repeatedly

Question 8

internal deformation

Answer 8

glacial movement caused by the weight of a glacier above deforming the ice

Question 9

kames

Answer 9

piles of sorted material left on the valley floor after a glacier melts

Question 10

moraines

Answer 10

terminal
recessional
ground
lateral
medial
hummocky
deposits of eroded material that have been transported by a glacier

Question 11

outwash plain

Answer 11

material is washed out and deposited due to large volumes of meltwater as the glacier recedes

Question 12

periglacial

Answer 12

landscapes found at the edge of glacier, polar and alpine regions. permafrost occurs with low precipitation and highly adapted animals and plants

Question 13

patterned ground

Answer 13

formed through the frost heave of stones in and underneath the active layer

Question 14

pingos

Answer 14

a mound produced as the ground is forced upward through frost heave

Question 15

plucking

Answer 15

rocks on the bedrock are frozen within the glacier. As the glacier moves rocks are pulled from the bedrock and moved

Question 16

solifluction

Answer 16

movement of waterlogged soil that is trapped between the active layer and permafrost

Question 17

thermokast

Answer 17

marshy, boggy wetlands caused when permafrost melts