GK24 2 Flashcards
What were the three great kingdoms in 14th and 15th century Iberian peninsula?
Castile, Aragon, and Portugal
Who is this character in Mad Max?
Immortan Joe
Origin of the word Cluniac to describe monks
Cluny
Where did pasta come from?
Marco Polo brought it from China
What year was the Pullman Strike?
1894
What were the followers of John Wycliffe called?
Lollards
What is a scriptorium?
A room set aside in a monastery where manuscripts were copied
How did feudalism arise naturally from the Germanic (Gothic) gefolge and Roman Patrocinium?
These were both basically systems whereby bands of fighters attached themselves to German chieftains (the gefolge) or Roman aristocrats (patrocinium) for protection etc
When was Leo the Great elected to bishop of Rome (pope)?
440 AD
Who possesses Alia Atreides in Children of Dune?
The Baron Vladimir Harkonnen
When was the reign of Henry II?
1154-1189 - first of the Angevin kings
When did the Ostrogothic king, Theodoric die?
526 AD and shortly after that Justinian would retake Italy to the Byzantine Empire
What causes Paul Atreides blindness in Dune Messiah?
A stoneburner (atomic weapon)
Who was the first Tudor king?
Henry VII 1485
What is the Catholic church Petrine Doctrine?
That the successors of Peter should rule the church (ie the pope)
What is the Curia?
Papal court of the Vatican
What is the main hill in Rome called?
The Capitoline Hill
Who translated the Bible into vernacular—the Vulgate Bible?
St. Jerome
Name of the pictorial account of the Norman Conquest
The Bayeux Tapestry
In what century did English parliament start sitting in separate houses (lords and commons)?
14th—1300s
The first great defeat of the Romans by the Germans (barbarians) was at what battle?
Adrianople 378 AD
In Dune what is the term for the rigid set of rules of class distinction enforced by the imperium?
The faufreluches
West Francia and East Francia would become known as ____
France and Germany
What are the Padishah Emperors troops called in Dune?
Sardaukar
What was St. Peter’s original name?
Simon (Symeon)
What is this in Dune?
A Guild Navigator (in Dune Messiah - Edric)
Though Plato was well known, in what century was Aristotle translated into Latin for medieval philosophers?
12th - 1100s
Ancient Jewish tradition of mystical interpretation of the Bible
Kabbalah (Qabalah)
This famous forgery was the basis for papal power in the early Middle Ages
The Donation of Constantine
Names of the Gracchi brothers of the Roman Republic
Gaius and Tiberius
Who did Thomas Aquinas refer to simply as “the commentator” on Aristotle?
Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
When did the Ostrogothic kingdom end?
Around 526 with death of Theodoric and then Justinian retook Italy
What are the seven sacraments?
Baptism
Confirmation
Marriage
Extreme unction
Eucharist
Confession
Ordination of priests
What was the most prominent group of pacifists in the colonies at the time of the American Revolution?
Quakers
What year was Jesus actually born?
4 BC
There was a miscalculation; sources say he was alive when King Herod was alive and King Herod died 4 BC
What caliphate was present during the Golden Age of Islam?
Abbasid Caliphate
What year did Ferdinand and Isabella marry?
1479
In what year did the 100 years war breakout?
1337
Who was the last Western Roman Emperor?
Romulus Augustulus who fell to the Goths in 476 AD
Who were the American pathologists who examined the survivors of the Ypres mustard gas bombing and identified that they were anemic etc?
Edward and Helen Krumbhaar
What was the Danegeld?
A tax levied by the English king to fight Scandinavian invaders
When did the Carolingians officially take over from the Merovingians?
751 AD with Pepin III - the papacy allowed him to
Name of Plato’s school? Aristotles?
Plato’s = the Academy
Aristotle = the Lyceum
When did the papacy of Gregory VII begin?
1073
Where was the Umayyad caliphate located?
Damascus, Syria
Who do the Bene Tlielax bring back as a ghola in Dune Messiah? Ghola name?
Duncan Idaho; Hayt
What is the NTSB?
National Transportation Safety Board
By the time the Carolingians came to power in the 750s the political power of what other Frankish kingdom was essentially a nonentity?
Merovingians
What is the name of the Mentat that serves the Atreides house in Dune?
Thufir Hawat
Meaning of the adjective aquiline
Like an eagle (hooked nose)
Who is the doctor that betrays the Atreides in Dune?
Dr. Wellington Yueh
What does the prefix gallo- mean? ie gallo-roman
French (relating to Gaul)
The period of the Early Middle Ages spans which years?
300-1000 AD
Who was this in Dune?
Rabban (Beast Rabban)
Who was Charlemagne’s succeeding son?
Louis the Pious
During which years were the Crusades (all)?
1096-1291
When was the First Crusade?
1096-1099
The Tudors arrived as a dynasty in 1485 after the last king of which dynasty was defeated?
Plantagenet
Which pope crowned Charlemagne?
Leo III
In what year did the French and Indian War end?
1763
The Capetian dynasty in France had a long reign but failed to produce an heir shortly before the outbreak of which conflict?
The 100 Years War
During which years was the 100 years war?
1337-1453
Which English king had the Domesday Book undertaken?
William the Conqueror
Name of the calendar before the Julian Calendar 45 BC? What came next?
Republican Calendar of the Roman Republic; Gregorian Calendar 1582
From whom does the Gregorian Reform get its name?
Pope Gregory VII (1073-1075)
Who did Pontius Pilate provide as a choice for the crowd to save? This person or Jesus?
Barrabas
Which caliphate fought at the Battle of Tours/Poitier?
Ummayad (would yield to Abassids); stopped Muslim invasion into France
Who is this?
Aleksandr Lukashenko (President of Belarus 2024)
When did French and German begin to emerge as distinct languages?
In the 800s AD (ninth century)
Henry VII became the first Tudor king in 1485 after defeating Richard III in what battle?
The Battle of Bosworth Field
Where was the Abassid Caliphate based out of?
Baghdad
In what century did the term “feudalism” arise?
18th century (around the time of the French Revolution) —it was used to describe the medieval system but not itself a medieval term
In Dune, Jamis challenges Paul to single combat using the ____ rule
Amtal Rule
To know a thing well one must test it to its limits
When did St. Benedict found his monastery? Where was it?
529 AD; Montecassino
What is vellum?
Papyrus made from calfskin
What does the adjective sacerdotal mean?
Relating to priests
In what year was Thomas Becket murdered?
1170 under the reign of Henry II
What is the second Mad Max movie called?
Mad Max: The Road Warrior
What century was the Black Death?
14th (1346-1353)
Meaning of turpitude
Depravity or wickedness
Who did Timurlane consider himself to be the successor of?
Genghis Khan
What order were the Black Monks from?
St Benedict—they wore black habits
What is hierocracy?
Rule by priests
What is an entreaty?
An earnest or humble request
What was the Fremen name for Arrakis?
Dune
What is a prelate?
A bishop or other high ecclesiastical dignitary
During which part of the Middle Ages was the Lollard movement?
The Late Middle Ages (John Wycliffe—England)
In Dune what are the resurrected bodies produced by the Tleilaxu called?
Gholas
The Battle of Hastings 1066 began as a succession crisis after the death of whom?
Edward the Confessor
During which years did Henry VIII reign?
1509-1547
Beginning of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation
What is the concentrated form of spice that Lady Jessica drinks to become a Reverend Mother?
The Water of Life
In the Hellenistic empire, which post Alexander rulers ruled
Macedonia
Syria-Mesopotamia
Egypt
Macedonia- Antigonids
Syria-Mesopotamia —Seleucid
Egypt—Ptolemaic
All eventually fell to Rome by 30 BC
Who was called the American Cincinnatus?
George Washington bc like Cincinnatus he relinquished power when his job was done
In Dune, what are the Fedaykin?
Fremen Death Commandos
Origin of the Cistercian monk’s name?
Cistercium is Latin for Citeaux
What is metempsychosis?
Transmigration of souls
What is autarky?
Economic independence or self sufficiency
What did it mean to “give someone the wall” in 19th century England?
To give someone of higher social status the safest place to walk on the street (away from the night soil)
What period of time was The High Middle Ages?
1000-1300
What is particularism?
Exclusive attachment to one’s own group, party, nation
When did the Hellenistic Period begin and end?
323 BC with the death of Alexander and the beginning of his successors and ended 30 BC when the Roman’s defeated the last successor state in Egypt
When did the Hellenistic Period begin and end?
323 BC with the death of Alexander and the beginning of his successors and ended 30 BC when the Roman’s defeated the last successor state in Egypt
Where was St. Benedict’s monastery?
Monte Cassino near Naples
Where did King Arthur supposedly hold his court?
Camelot
What are the hooks that Fremen use to ride sandworms called?
Makerhooks
When did the Carolingians take over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians?
751 Pepin III with Charlemagne crowned Christmas Day 800 AD
Who was the leading family in France up until the Capetians in 987?
Carolingians
To which class of antifungal does fosmanogepix belong?
First in class gepix
Name of the suits worn in the desert in the Dune books
Stillsuit
In Dune who is Lady Jessica’s father?
The Baron Vladimir Harkonnen
What years were the “Late Roman Republic”?
133 BC - 31 BC
Who was the south vietnamese president assassinated while JFK was still president?
Ngo Dinh Diem
What does gainsay mean?
To deny or contradict
What is the name of the planet that Dune takes place on?
Arrakis
What was William the Conqueror called before the 1066 Norman Conquest
William the Bastard
Why did many of the Carolingian rulers have a nickname? ie Charles the bald, Louis the Pious
Because there were a limited number of royal names. Illegitimate children got other names
In the Roman Republic what were the two types of citizens?
Patricians and Plebeians
Who was Charlemagne’s servant and biographer?
Einhard
In which century was the reformation?
16th—theses in 1517
When naming Simon St. Peter, what did Peter mean?
Rock- from Aramaic kephas meaning rock
What does Norman F Cantor think caused the conversion of Constantine?
He bargained with god while anxious about the upcoming Battle of Milvian Bridge and then after winning doubled down on his faith
What proportion of the western Roman Empire was Christian at the time of the conversion of Constantine?
10%
What is the small island in the middle of the Tiber River near Rome called?
Tiber Island
What is Paul Atreides mother’s name?
Lady Jessica
Other name for All Souls Day
The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed
What was Carthages effective power at the beginning of the Third Punic War?
The city of Carthage itself, its imperial holdings already vanquished during the Second Punic War
Who took over after defeating the Umayyad caliphate in 750 AD?
The Abbasids
At one point during the Great Papal Schism there were actually three popes—where were they?
Rome and Avignon; briefly also at Pisa
Who was the first Carolingian king?
Pepin III (Pepin the short—Charlemagne’s father)
Who was the first pope to reside in Avignon and kick off 70 years of the “Babylonian Captivity”?
Clement V 1305
Character name in Furiosa?
Dementus
As of Pope Francis, how many popes have there been?
266
Established in the third century, these connected the gold rich West African kingdoms to North Africa and Asia?
Trans-Saharan trade routes
What was the main purpose of Zheng He’s expeditions during the 15th century voyages under the Ming?
To reaffirm relationships with tribute states after a long period of Mongol rule
What was the visible sign of a Roman Citizen
Toga
What sea is east of the Caspian Sea?
The Aral Sea
The Trappist monks broke off from this group
Cistercian monks
Who had St Peters basilica built on Vatican Hill?
Constantine
What is the name of the emperors prison planet in Dune?
Salusa Secundus
What is an anchorite? Cenobite?
A religious recluse; a member of a monastic community
Theodoric was king of whom?
The Ostrogoths
What is the secret society introduced in Dune Messiah that does genetic engineering?
Bene Tlielax or Tlielaxu
The Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 undid which prior act?
The Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise)
In 843, Louis the Pious’ 3 sons partitioned the Carolingian empire into 3 part at this treaty
Treaty of Verdun
Who absorbed the Burgundians in the 520s BC near the Rhone valley?
The Franks
During the great papal schism, where were the two papacies located?
Avignon and Rome
Meaning of Thomism?
Relating to the teaching of Thomas Aquinas
The Hundred Years War began over this region ______ bc it was owned by the King of England but as a vassal of the French King
Aquitaine
Other name for Pope Gregory VII
Hildebrand (r 1073-1085)
What language did the Ostrogoths speak?
Gothic- a now EXTINCT East Germanic language
In 2024, what did the Boy Scouts change its name to?
Scouting America
During which part of the Middle Ages did the 100 Years War take place?
The Late Middle Ages
Other name for the beginning of the first crusade?
The Peoples Crusade
Even before the Bari Incident in 1943, which Yale scientists were tasked with studying the effects of nitrogen mustard?
Louis Goodman and Alfred Gilman
Where was Constantine’s power based out of before the Battle of Milvian Bridge? Maxentius?
Gaul and Britain; Maxentius was in Italy and Licinius in East; after defeating Maxentius in 312 he was sole ruler in the west until 324 when he then defeated Licinius
When was Innocent III made pope?
1198 AD
In the newer Mad Max movies, what are the names of the three fortresses of the wasteland?
The Citadel
Gastown
The Bullet Farm
During which years was the Great Papal Schism which saw popes in Avignon and Rome?
1378-1417
At one point also one in Pisa
Name of the places that the Fremen live?
Sietches
Stilgar is from sietch tabr
Who is the Princess Irulans sister?
Wensicia
What was the first book that Gutenberg printed after creating the printing press?
The Gutenberg Bible
What is rotgut?
Slang for cheap liquor (that is potentially dangerous)
Because of how decentralized feudal society was —later carolingian monarchs and after 987, Capetian monarchs nominally had control of France but where was their real/effective power?
Essentially they were the Duke of Paris but nominally in charge of the others
Often afraid to leave their own duchy
What is the Bene Gesserit group that sows myths and superstitions in primitive worlds in Dune?
The Missionaria Protectiva
When did the Risorgimento occur when the Papal States were absorbed into Italy?
1861
Where and when was the Hussite Rebellion?
In the 1400s in Bohemia (Prague)
Knowledge of 6th century France comes largely from whom?
Gregory of Tours
The Fremen call Paul Atreides ________ meaning “The Voice from the Outer World”
Lisan al-Gaib
Who are Dante’s 3 guides in the Divine Comedy?
Virgil, Beatrice, and St. Bernard
The dye industry that Paul Ehrlich entered into when he began dyeing cells began due to what?
The cotton industry; “practical chemistry” existed to dye textiles
Language of Stilgars Fremen tribe in Dune?
Chakobsa
Name of Paul Atreides son with Chani
Leto II
What is vituperation?
Bitter and abusive language
Who were the ruling families of France after the Capetians ?
Valois then Bourbons
During which part of the Middle Ages did the crusades take place?
The High Middle Ages (1000-1300) occurring 1095-1291
Name of Paul Atreides sister
Alia Atreides
What is the idea that the fall of Christendom created Europe?
With the great papal schism of 1378-1417 and the subsequent Protestant Reformation there was no longer a unified “Christendom” and now there were states
Where was Plato from?
Athens
Where does the term “cardinal” as in the ecclesiastical office, come from?
Latin for the hinge of a door- the hinges on which the papal door moved
When was Charlemagne crowned?
Christmas Day 800 AD
Normandy was established in 911 AD when a Viking named ______ took the area from the Carolingians and proclaimed a duchy
Rollo
Who were Charles Martels two sons?
Pepin III and Carloman
Who wrote History of the Franks?
Bishop Gregory of Tours
Who ultimately absorbed the visigoths in 1) Gaul and 2) Spain?
Gaul - the Franks
Spain - Arabs
Character name in Furiosa?
Dementus
This dynasty ruled France from 987-1328
Capetians
The March of Dimes was originally created to fund research for which disease?
Polio
When was Clovis crowned? Charlemagne?
Clovis—481 a Merovingian Frank
Charlemagne—800 a Carolingian Frank
What years would be considered “British New York”?
1664-1783
1664: won from the Dutch
1783: American Revolution ends
The Gracchi brothers were grandsons of whom?
Scipio Africanus - hero general of second Punic War (defeated Hannibal)
In Dune, what is the Landsraad?
The assembly of all the noble houses in the Imperium
Who is Liet Kynes in Dune?
The Imperial Planetologist of Arrakis
When did the Philadelphia Zoo open?
1874 (150 yr anniversary July 2024)
What did Monophysite Christians believe?
That there was no separation between human and divine in Christ
And that he was essentially divine vs Arianism essentially human
Research has shown that the Goths (Germans) that invaded the Roman Empire were originally from where?
Scandinavia and Denmark; began moving south around 1000 BC and down to Danube and Rhine around 100 BC
Which hospital launched the first clinical trial of 6-MP against ALL?
Memorial (now MSKCC) 1950s
What is the graduation song called?
Pomp and Circumstance
Which eastern Roman Emperor built the Hagia Sophia?
Justinian
Who was the Roman who ended all speeches with “Carthage must be destroyed”?
Cato the Elder
What nickname did Constantine’s nephew Julian get?
Julian the Apostate (converted back to paganism)
What are Paul and Chani’s twins names in Dune Messiah?
Leto II and Ghanima
Who was the physician-scientist that Sidney Farber was working with who developed the antifolates that he used?
Yella Subbarao
What day is All Souls Day? What century did it become part of the Christian calendar?
November 2
11th century
What was the largest land based empire in history?
The Mongol Empire
What year was the Ivy Mike thermonuclear test on Eniwetok Atoll?
1953
What is Paul Atreides’ home world?
Caladan
Which Roman general ultimately defeated the Carthaginians in the second Punic War?
Scipio Africanus
After the fall of Islamic Spain in 1492, the expansion of which empire invigorated trade in Sub Saharan Africa?
The Ottoman Empire
Historian JR Strayer describes this medieval system as “public power in private hands”
Feudalism- ie decentralized government with various fiefs
Last Roman King before the republic
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus— Tarquin the Proud (Etruscan king)
When did Benedict Gaetani accede the throne and become Boniface VIII?
1294
Who wrote The Germania?
Tacitus
Who was the German king when Henry II reigned?
Frederick I Barbarossa
What is a legate?
A member of the clergy representing the pope—especially a cardinal
What color were the habits of Benedictine and Cistercian monks?
Benedictine - black
Cistercian - white
What were the years of the Avignon Papacy?
1309-1376
Started with Clement V
When was Galen alive?
129-216 AD
87 yrs old
Meaning of sententious
Given to moralizing in an affected or pompous manner (self righteous)
In Dune, who is the leader of the Fremen tribe Paul encounters?
Stilgar
Who took over Alexander’s Hellenistic Empires?
First, his generals leading to Antigonids, Seleucids, and Ptolemaics
Then ultimately the Romans
When did Otto I ascend the medieval German throne and begin the Ottonian monarchy?
936
Why were Peter and Paul killed in Rome 64 AD?
That’s when the fire broke out that Nero blamed on the Christians
Who were the Angevin kings?
The first of the Plantagenets - Henry II, Richard the Lionhearted, and John
All counts of Anjou
Greek word for church
Ecclesia
What is a scriptorium?
A room set aside in a monastery where manuscripts were copied
Who were the claimants to the throne in the Battle of Hastings?
1) Harold Godwinson (England)
2) Harold Hardradda (Norway)
3) William the Bastard (France/Normandy)
When was Normandy first established as a feudal duchy?
911 AD when a Viking named Rollo took the area from the Carolingian king and got the title of Duke
From which house do Shaddam IV and Princess Irulan come from in Dune?
House Corrino
In the Hellenistic empire, which post Alexander rulers ruled
Macedonia
Syria-Mesopotamia
Egypt
Macedonia- Antigonids
Syria-Mesopotamia —Seleucid
Egypt—Ptolemaic
All eventually fell to Rome by 30 BC
Who were the Indians who lived in New York before the Europeans?
Lenape
Clovis was a king of which family?
Merovingian
What was the basic demographic situation in the early, middle, and late Middle Ages?
Early = stagnant
Middle = growth (doubled)
Late = stagnant then decline with plague in 1347
What is the Catholic church Petrine Doctrine?
That the successors of Peter should rule the church (ie the pope)
When did St. Paul die? When did Constantine convert?
65 AD; 312 AD (247+ years of being illegal)
What were the 3 main immediate successor states after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
1) Frankish Gaul — first Merovingians then Carolingians
2) Visigothic Spain
3) Lombard Italy
Who did the Lollards follow?
John Wycliffe
St. Boniface was heavily involved with this Frankish family and contributed to the christianization of Europe
Carolingians
Why did King George III declare the Proclamation Line in 1763?
Because of Pontiacs Rebellion—wanted to avoid future costly conflicts
How did crusaders get to Jerusalem in the First Crusade?
Through Turkey and then Antioch to Jerusalem
Who officially seized the caliphal title from the Abbasids in 1517?
The Ottoman Turks
Other name for Ibn Rushd
Averroes - Muslim commentator on Aristotle
In the Middle Ages, what was scutage?
Money paid by a vassal to his lord in lieu of military service
The two main regions of Habsburg monarchy in Europe were _____
Austria and Spain
Where and when did the Donatist controversy begin?
What did it state?
311 in North Africa; only those living blameless lives belonged in the church
What is Danse Macabre?
Dance of Death - late medieval allegorical style of painting on the universality of death
Pope Leo the great made a deal with this invader so he wouldn’t sack Rome
Attila the Hun
Whose 3 sons partitioned the Carolingian empire in the Treaty of Verdun (843)?
Louis the Pious (Charlemagne’s succeeding son)
Who wrote “Roughing It” in 1866 about the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)?
Mark Twain
What is the name of the volcanic state park on Maui?
Haleakala (House of the Sun)
What is the name of the group of farmers who resisted collectivization in the Soviet Union?
Kukaks —rich farmers
