GK24 1 Flashcards
When did Justinian become emperor of Byzantium?
527 AD
What is ODAC in the FDA?
Oncology Drugs Advisory Committee
Who took over the Sumerian empire? Year?
Sargon the Great— it became the Akkadian Empire
2334 BC
Why did Caesar end up having an affair with Cleopatra in the first place?
After the battle of Pharsalus (48 BC) Pompey fled to Egypt and Caesar chased him there; that’s how he met Cleopatra
Did Trump want to go to the capitol on January 6th?
Yes but his secret service driver refused to take him
During what years did Alexander the Great reign?
336-323 BC
Full name of Ali the heir to Shiite Islam
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Word for a spartan slave
Helot
Where was Krakatoa?
Volcano between Sumatra and Java in Indonesia
Who was appointed princeps after Nero?
Vespasian 69 AD (Galba for a year briefly before)
What does Calvary mean? Other name?
Latin for “The Place of the Skull”
Golgotha
What is the Dome of the Rock?
A mosque over a rock where Muhammad is said to have ascended into heaven (Jerusalem)
But he died in Saudi Arabia
Who is the owner/creator of My Pillow?
Mike Lindell
When did the FDAs accelerated approval mechanism begin?
1992 (for AIDS drugs)
Name of the needle at the neck of Paul Atreides in Dune
The Gom Jabbar
Name of ship that took Napoleon to St. Helena
HMS Bellerophon
Name of the chief god of Babylon?
Marduk
In early Christianity what was the Arian controversy?
Arianism stated that Jesus was not divine but created by god; this was resolved at the council of Nicaea in 325 AD
Word for the priests or magicians in ancient Celtic religion
Druid
Who conquered all of the Arabian peninsula after the death of Muhammad?
Abu Bakr - his successor (Sunni Branch)
Natives of Arrakis in Dune
Fremen
What would Herodotus have called the Danube River?
Ister River
The Horn of Africa is largely directly south of which country?
Yemen
Where was the Ancient Greek region of Ionia?
Western Turkey and the nearby Aegean Islands
Ancient name for the Dardanelles strait?
Hellespont
What wars did Herodotus write about?
Persian Wars
What year was the Council of Nicaea?
325 AD
Who wrote “The Ecclesiastical History of the English People”?
Bede (The Venerable Bede)
Who was the last king of Judea who rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar and was taken to Babylon in captivity?
Zedekiah
Where was the ancient area of Lydia?
Western Anatolia
In what battle did Julius Caesar defeat Pompey?
Pharsalus 48 BC
In what year did the Dutch purchase Manhattan?
1626
Where did the $50,000/QALY rule come from?
1970s Medicare for covering dialysis for ESRD but now w/ inflation the numbers are changing
100,000 or less good
175,000 or more not
Clovis was the first king of all of the Franks and his descendants would take their name from ______
Merovech a legendary warrior (Merovingian dynasty)
When was the fall of the western Roman Empire?
476 AD Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus
What city is located on the Orontes River?
Antioch
Who was the first American president to have been impeached?
Andrew Johnson
Jews and Arabs claim descent through Abraham how?
Jews through Isaac
Arabs through Ishmael
What is legerdemain?
Trickery; skillful use of one’s hands when performing conjuring tricks
Sleight of hand
Meaning of mendacity
Untruthfulness
Two major types of cost for drug companies?
Manufacturing costs
Research and development
What happened to Mycenaean culture after the sack of Troy?
Began to severely decline and eventually essentially end
Word for a spartan warrior
Hoplite
What year was the Gadsden Purchase?
1853
Other name for the pre-Socratic philosophers
Ionian rationalists
Who is credited with spreading Christianity to Ireland?
St. Patrick (Patricius)
About how old was Romulus Augustulus when he was deposed by Odoacer in 476 AD?
He was maybe 10-12 years old
What ancient culture is known for producing ziggurats?
Sumerians
Where did tomatoes originate?
Andes mountains then mainly developed in Mexico
Where is the Golden Horn?
A port/body of water that wraps around Constantinople/Istanbul near the Bosporus strait
Who did Marcus Aurelius appoint as his successor?
His son Commodus (177 AD) but he was a bad emperor like Caligula and Nero
In Islam, what is “the umma”?
The whole community of Muslims bound by religion
What country is north of Syria?
Turkey
When were the A, B, AB, and O blood groups first described?
1901 by Karl Landsteiner
Which countries are between Iran and India?
Afghanistan and Pakistan
In what city did Trump launch his 2024 campaign?
Waco, Texas
Who is the disease Brucellosis named after?
Major David Bruce
When did John Bennett publish his first case report on a patient dying from a suppuration of blood?
1845
What name would Christopher Columbus have answered to?
Cristobal Colon
Which Byzantine emperor collected the laws from several centuries and unified them into a code?
Justinian 528 AD
When were the Jesuits founded?
1540 in Montmartre by Ignatius Loyola
Which Roman emperor outlawed paganism?
Theodosius (392-393)
Main religion of the Persian empire
Zoroastrianism
In which battle did Octavian defeat Mark Antony? Year?
Actium (a naval battle); 31 BC
What disease was once known as Malta fever?
Brucellosis
Origin of the word “antigen”?
Antibody-generating
When was ipilimumab approved for melanoma?
2011
What is the Hellespont?
Ancient name for the Dardanelles strait
Before Trump who was the last president to skip out on their successors inauguration?
Andrew Johnson 1869 didn’t attend Ulysses S Grant
Where was the ancient kingdom of Numidia?
Basically in modern day Algeria
Word for high priest of the Roman state religion (ie pagan before Christianization)
Pontifex Maximus
Ctesiphon was an ancient city of which empire?
Persian
Where was Saul (Paul) traveling from on his way to Damascus?
Jerusalem
Gilgamesh was king of which Sumerian city?
Uruk
In China the first settlements began around this river
Yellow River
The Jewish King David had an affair with which woman?
Bathsheba —had her husband killed so he could marry her
In ancient times the Minoans of Crete were frequently subjected to which form of natural disaster?
Earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis
The Maccabee revolt took place when Judea was under control of which empire?
Seleucid (a fragment of the Macedonian empire)
Name of the epic poem by Hesiod that tells the genealogies of the Greek gods
Theogony
When was modern day Turkey founded? First president?
1923; Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (Ataturk)
What were Columbus’ 3 ships?
Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
“Ask, and it shall be given you” is a teaching from Jesus where?
Sermon on the Mount
When does the supreme court begin its new term?
The first Monday of October
On the Rosetta Stone, what language is written next to the hieroglyphs to decode them?
Greek
This is the earliest collection of Indian hymns
Rig Veda
Who was emperor of Rome before Constantine?
Diocletian
What does episcopal literally mean?
Episkopos = overseer (over seeing) —referring to bishops overseeing
Who was the father of Chinese history?
Sima Qian
After the Carthaginians were defeated and removed from Sicily in the first Punic war, they set up a new base of operations in _____
Iberia
In what decade did the FDA start using black box warnings?
1970s
What is fiat?
A formal authorization or proposition
Muhammed was from what tribe?
Quraysh
The Roman republic began in what year?
509 BC (Rome founded 753 BC)
What is the northeast bit of the Black Sea called?
Sea of Azov
Ashurbanipal was king of which civilization?
Assyrian
This is the shortened version of the Kingdom of the South Saxons
Sussex
Why is radioactive strontium dangerous for the bone marrow?
It is similar to calcium and so gets taken up by bone and releases beta particles
What were the names of the Gracchus brothers in the Roman Republic?
Tiberius and Gaius
A myth states that the Dutch bought Manhattan from the Indians for _____
24 dollars
Yemen based terror group backed by Iran?
Houthis (Shia)
Where was the city of Chichen Itza?
Yucatán Peninsula
What are the evil spirits in Zoroastrianism called?
Daevas
When did Diocletian become emperor of Rome?
284 AD
Where was Sumer located?
Southern bit of Iraq
What is the name of the film of the JFK assassination that is considered to be the most complete?
The Zapruder Film
Meaning of perfunctory
Carried out with a minimum of effort or reflection
What were provincial governors of the ancient Persian empire called?
Satraps
Where was Herodotus from?
Halicarnassus
In 1663 bc, a people called the Hyksos took over which civilization?
Egypt
Hyksos were a Semitic people which may partially explain the prejudice of the Egyptians against the later Semitic Hebrews
Where was Thrace?
North of Aegean in modern day Greece and Bulgaria
What are arrears?
Money that is owed and should have been paid
The phrase “a sea change” to describe a transformation comes from where?
Shakespeare’s Tempest
Which emperor of Rome split the empire into a western and eastern half ruled by co-emperors?
Diocletian
What was the argument that the bishop of Rome should be the head of all bishops?
That the bishop of Rome is the successor of Peter
The Petrine Doctrine
King Midas was from where?
Phrygia
What year was Julius Caesar assassinated?
44 BC
Who wrote Rendezvous with Rama?
Arthur C Clarke
Nebuchadnezzar was a king of which empire?
Babylonian
In a tax assessment on a house and land what is the house referred to as?
The improvement on the land
Etruscans lived in the kingdom of ______
Etruria
What did Cleopatra and Mark Antony do when Octavian/Augustus marched to Egypt?
Commit suicide (30 BC)
When Octavian/Augustus consolidated power after defeating Mark Antony in 31 BC, he became known as Princeps which means ______
First Citizen (later translated as Prince)
In which bloody battle in the second Punic war did Hannibal’s troops slaughter 65,000 Romans
Cannae
What year did Hugo Chavez die?
2013
What is the home world of House Harkkonen in Dune?
Geidi Prime
The word Semite derives from which son of Noah?
Shem
Who was Trump’s first attorney general?
Jeff Sessions
Who is Viktor Orban?
Prime Minister of Hungary 2024
What “giant of the forest” does Gilgamesh have to fight to get wood to secure his walls?
Humbaba
Which Aztec city was at the site of Mexico City?
Tenochtitlan
According to Genesis, God made a covenant with Abraham promising what as The Promised Land?
Canaan (recall Abraham from Ur in Sumeria)
On 1/11/24 which two countries targeted the houthis in Yemen due to their attacks on shipping in the Red Sea?
US and UK
What does centrifugal refer to?
Moving away from the center
First archaeologically and historically certain dynasty of China? Who was after?
Shang then Zhou
What did Cain say when god asked him where Abel was after he murdered him?
I know not; am I my brother’s keeper?
When did van Leeuwenhoek first describe red blood cells under the microscope?
1674
In what year did Rudolph Virchow die?
1902
When did Muslims first capture Jerusalem?
637 AD only 5 years after Muhammad died
When was the SYNDROME of polycythemia vera first described and by whom?
1903–Osler
What was the name of the “barbarian” tribe that invaded the Akkadian empire between 2278 bc and 2154 bc?
The Gutians
Which Persian king was defeated by the Greeks at Marathon in 490 bc? Which came back in 480?
Darius I (then died 486)
Xerxes his son came back in 480
What country had a large earthquake on New Years Day 2024?
Japan
Where was the Frankish kingdom of Clovis?
Mostly in Gaul
Greece is located in what direction from Italy?
East
First king of the Merovingian dynasty
Clovis (though takes name from Merovech-a famous warrior)
Which group invaded Crete and the Minoans in 1450 bc?
Mycenaeans
This music style was a forerunner of Jazz and was popular in America 1899-1917
Ragtime
When was aniline dye staining by Ehrlich done with description of neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils?
1878
Cyrus the Great was king of which civilization?
Persian
539-530 BC (before Darius and Xerxes)
Who was Peter Stuyvesant?
A governor of New Netherland/New Amsterdam before the English took over
The Mahabharata tells the story of a civil war in the Kuru clan between which two factions?
Kairavas and Pandavas
Surrogate endpoints stand in contrast to _____
Clinical endpoints
Official name of the Jesuits
The Society of Jesus
Name of the Roman province on the Iberia peninsula
Hispania
Approximately how long ago was Pangaea?
~250 million years
The Peloponnesian War officially began in this year
431 BC and would last about 30 years
Where was Canaan?
Ancient Palestine area west of Jordan River
When was the first description of von Willebrand disease by von Willebrand?
1926
What is the difference between pharma and biotech?
Pharma focuses on making small molecules etc
Biotech is more about molecules produced by living cells
Who are the first two patriarchs of the Old Testament?
Abraham and Isaac (his son)
His other son—Ishmael- believed to be patriarch of Arabs
Who was Confucius most famous pupil?
Mencius
What 313 AD agreement did Constantine proclaim that made Christianity legal in the Roman empire?
The Edict of Milan
What was Mark Antony’s actual name?
Marcus Antonious
Who is Rome named after?
Romulus since he survived after killing Remus
Who is the archetypal first man of the Hindu religion—survivor of the great flood and father of the human race?
Manu
When did the Warring States period begin in China?
403 BC
What Roman plague occurred during Galen’s lifetime? Years?
The Antonine Plague (likely smallpox) 165-180 AD
Who was the last Lydian king? Who defeated him?
Croesus; Cyrus the Great (Persia)
Where did the Angles and Saxons originally come from?
The area between Germany and Denmark
Invited to help fight northern foes by Vortigern in 445 AD
In what year did multiple reports emerge on the efficacy of nitrogen mustards for treatment of leukemia and lymphoma?
1946–the studies took place during WW2 but not published after due to security reasons hence why multiple groups published all at once
One could consider the Enlightenment as occurring between which two revolutions?
The Glorious Revolution (1688) and the French Revolution (1789)
Where is Christs supposed empty tomb?
Jerusalem’s Church of the Holy Sepulcher
What was Sidney Farbers original profession?
Pediatric pathologist
The Ishtar Gate was outside of which ancient city?
Babylon
Why did the Jews leave Canaan for Egypt in the first place?
Due to famine and Egypt was well watered (Nile)
Then the pharaoh enslaved them
Who is the evil god or “chief daeva” in Zoroastrianism?
Ahriman or Angra mainyu
Where was Ephesus? Modern name?
Greek city in western Turkey; Selcuk
Officially announced on May 15, 2020 this program sought to quickly crank out COVID vaccines
Operation Warp Speed
From what city and civilization did Abraham come from?
Ur—Sumerian (there was already a system of gods where he grew up)
What was the dichotomy that led to Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims after Muhammad’s death in 632 AD?
Abu Bakr—close friend of Muhammad took over caliphate = Sunni
Those who contest it think should be Muhammad’s son in law—Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib)
The Aegean Sea is named after whom?
King Aegeus (father of Theseus)
Though not one of the twelve apostles, this man is often considered an apostle due to his role in spreading Christianity
Paul (Saul of Tarsus)
Where is Ravenna?
Northeastern coast of Italy on Adriatic
Under whose reign were Peter and Paul killed in the Roman empire?
Nero
Peter crucified
Paul beheaded
Who were the Lombards?
A Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian peninsula between 568-774 AD
Similar to later manifest destiny, ancient Chinese kings had ________ to justify their ability to take over nearby tribes etc
The Mandate of Heaven
Collectively, religious writings accepted as books of the Bible by some groups but not others are called _____
Apocrypha
The nickname for NYC, Gotham, was originally used by whom?
Washington Irving
Since the time of Constantine, gladiatorial games were slowly replaced by _______
Chariot Racing—less associated with old Roman Gods
What was the purpose of the council of Nicaea in 325 AD?
To deal with the controversy of Arianism which said Christ was not divine; Nicene Creed states that he is
Basically to determine the divinity status of Jesus
What were “political machines” such as Tammany Hall in America?
Institutions run by “bosses” who would coerce votes. Offer jobs and services to immigrants in exchange for votes
Meaning of the verb ensorcel
To fascinate or enchant (literary)
Who was Roman emperor after Tiberius?
Caligula
Gotham is old Anglo-Saxon for ______
Goats Town
When did Columbus return to Spain after the initial discovery of the New World?
March 1493
Most famous section of the Mahabharata
Bhagavad Gita
What year was Kwanzaa created?
1966
Where was the kingdom of Goguryeo located?
Korean Peninsula
Where is the Sea of Azov?
Northeast bit of Black Sea by Crimea
How long after Darius was defeated at Marathon until his son Xerxes came back and fought at Thermopylae?
10 years
Marathon 490 bc
Thermopylae 480 bc
What is the chief source of natural rubber?
Latex of the rubber tree
Who is this?
William Halsted
Which Egyptian king changed from worshipping the Sun God to the Sun itself?
Amenhotep went from worshipping Ra to worshipping Aten (the sun itself)
Changed name to Akhenaten
What mountain range is east of the Tigris and is in modern day Iran?
Zagros Mountains
Around when was the battle of Troy? What about the Persian Wars?
1250 BC and Persian Wars were 490 then again in 480 so nearly 800 years apart
Name of mountain pass between Pakistan and India
Khyber Pass
In Christianity, what was the Annunciation?
Announcement by the angel Gabriel that Mary would bear a son despite being a virgin
Which Goth sacked Rome in 410 AD?
Alaric the Visigoth
Who was the first king of all the Franks?
Clovis 496 AD
What did Virchow call leukemia in 1845? 1847?
Weisses Blut; changed name to leukemia
What was the name of the city that Constantine would turn into Constantinople?
Byzantium
Where was Hadrian’s Wall?
Separated the wild north from the civilized part of Roman Britannia
Who is the activist who started the #blacklivesmatter hashtag? Why? Year?
Alicia Garza and Patrisse Cullors 2013 because George Zimmerman acquitted after Trayvon Martin killed
Who was second emperor of Rome —after Augustus/Octavian?
Tiberius (was emperor when Christ crucified)
In radiation, a rad is an acronym for _____
Radiation absorbed dose
What are the native people of Hispaniola referred to as (ie pre Columbus)?
Taino
When was anesthesia with ether first publicly demonstrated?
1846 at MGH
When was the first successful blood transfusion by Blundell?
1818
Which Assyrian king collected over 20,000 Clay tablets in his library at Nineveh?
Ashurbanipal
January 2024 an Alabama Inmate was executed in what new manner?
Nitrogen gas
What does Punjab mean?
5 rivers
Who did Constantine defeat at the Battle of Milvian Bridge? Year?
Maxentius; 312
494 bc Roman republic- what was the plebeian secession?
The first recorded strike—plebeians decided to walk out of the city and camp on a nearby Sacred Mount
The Age of Iron in India is called ______ and supposedly began in _____ year
Kali Yuga—supposedly beginning 3102 BC
Where were the Vandals from?
North Africa
Last founding father to be a president?
James Monroe #5
Which Roman emperors name means “little boots”?
Caligula
Which Jewish prophet was a counselor to the king of Babylon during the Babylonian exile?
The prophet Daniel
Where was Assyria (Assur city) in relation to Babylon?
North; both in modern day Iraq
Where was the Hittite empire?
Basically in modern day Turkey
Origin of the word cyclosporine?
It is cyclical and obtained from fungal spores (Trichoderma polysporum)
Why were Spartan boys deliberately not fed enough food to survive?
To teach them to be resourceful and sneak out at night to hunt or steal food as these would be useful skills some day in battle
Who were the first three KINGS of Israel?
Saul then David then Solomon
Solomon constructed the large temple
When was RECIST first published?
2000—Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
Who was Justinians wife?
Theodora—an actress/prostitute
Historically, health economists have considered how much per QALY as a fair price?
50,000/QALY
Now more like 100,000-175,000
On his podcast, who said on January 5th 2020 “All hell is going to break loose tomorrow”?
Steve Bannon
Where does paclitaxel come from?
Pacific Yew (Taxis brevifolia)
What is the nightly meal that breaks the Ramadan fast called?
Iftar
During the exodus, Moses divided up the Israelites into 12 tribes based upon what?
Which great grandson of Abraham they traced their lineage to
(this was 600 years after Abraham)
What is the name of the novella on which The Thing is based?
“Who Goes There?”
The expanded version is “Frozen Hell”
John W Campbell
The Akkadian city of Akkad was really called _____
Agade—Akkad was a Greek corruption
What does Nestorian Christianity state?
Christ has two distinct natures —human and divine; Nicene Christianity states fully divine
Capital city of Hittite empire
Hattusas
Hammurabi was a king of which ancient city?
Babylon
What does pH stand for?
Potential of hydrogen or power of hydrogen
When people tried to assassinate Muhammed in 622 and he fled from Mecca, this was called ______
The Hijirah from Mecca to Medina
The Persian army of Darius was defeated by the Greeks at what battle? Who was Darius’ son?
Marathon
Xerxes who would come back
Who was the first pope? Year?
Leo the Great 445 AD
There had been prior bishops of Rome but he was the first to be called pope
Meaning of gainsay
To deny or contradict
You cannot gainsay the impact of religion
