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ANSC 311 > GIT Structure and Function > Flashcards

GIT Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the small intestine and compare it to the large intestine
What does each part of the small intestine do

A

It is larger than the large intestine but its diameter is smaller

It is broken into 3 parts
1. Duodenum (small)
2. Jejunum (main abs section)
3. Ilium (cleans and pans a lot of things)

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2
Q

Which structure connects the liver and gull bladder and is involved with the secretion of the pancreatic duct
(Duodenum, Jejunum, Ilium)

A

Duodenum

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3
Q

What are the 7 GIT jobs

A
  1. Motility
  2. Secretion
  3. Digestion
  4. Absorption
  5. Communication
  6. Immune system
  7. Detoxification and modification by metabolism
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4
Q

What substances get secreted into the GIT

A
  • electrolytes
  • water
  • digestive enzymes
  • bile salts
  • acids and bases
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5
Q

What is the main reason why foods are broken down into simpler chemical compounds

A

So that they can cross the epithelial layer

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6
Q

What happens in ABS in the GIT
What does this include

A

It transfers nutrients to circulation (brings it into blood)

This includes réabsorption of endogenous secretion

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7
Q

What systems are involved in GIT communication

A
  • the nervous system
  • the endocrine system

The git system linked to every system in the body

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8
Q

What does GALT stand for what is its purpose

A

Gut associated lymphoid tissue

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9
Q

What does immune system tolerance mean

A

It is when the gut tolerates good bacteria

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10
Q

True or false: microbes can toxify and detoxify things

A

True

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11
Q

What are the parts of the GI tract
- forestomach
- stomachs

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • esophagus

Forestomach
- omasum
- rumen
- reticulum

Stomachs
- abomasum
- small intestine
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Cecum and large intestine

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12
Q

Do humans have a cecum

A

No not really
It is really small

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13
Q

List the accessory organs of the GI tract

A
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
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14
Q

What causes appendicitis

A

It happens when the appendix bursts and releases a large amount of microbes into the body

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15
Q

What things influence the structure of GI tracts

A
  1. Diet
  2. Size of the animal
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16
Q

What is the intestinal arrangement of the esophagus
How is this related to its function

A

Has a stratified layer of cells

Don’t want to abs things here

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17
Q

What is the intestinal arrangement of the stomach
How is this related to its function

A

Has deep crypts and also has shallow crypts that secrete acid
Minimal abs mostly just breaking things down

18
Q

Where does most absorption happen

A

Most absorption happens in the small intestine

19
Q

Describe the intestinal arrangement of the small intestine
How does this related to its function

A

Has microvilli to increase surface area for better absorption
Most absorption happens in the small intestine

20
Q

What is the intestinal arrangement of the large intestine
How does this related to its function

A

It has a single layer of cells that act as a barrier to the environment
(Mainly absorbs short chain fatty acids)

21
Q

What are the crypts found in the small intestine called

A

The crypts of lieberkuhn

22
Q

What are the layers of the intestinal wall (4)

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Sub mucosa
  3. Muscular is external
  4. Serosa
23
Q

What is found in the mucosa

A
  1. Lamina propria
    —) capillaries, nerve fibers, smooth muscle (muscularis mucosa) and immune cells
  2. Epithelium
24
Q

What are found in the submucosa

A
  1. Nerves
  2. Contains glands (if present)
25
Q

What does the muscularis external contain
Where is it found (what is its path)

A
  1. Nerves and muscles
    Found: inside and goes around outside (goes up and down)
26
Q

What is found in the serosa, what is its purpose

A

Connective tissue
To allow the gut to slide around in your abdominal cavity and keep it separated

27
Q

What kind of cell makes up most of the epithelium in the GIT

A

Columnar epithelial cells

28
Q

What is the name of the mucus producing cells found in the GIT where their only job is to secrete mucus

A

Goblet cells

29
Q

What are the five types of epithelial cells in the GIT what do they do

A
  1. Columnar absorptive cells (absorption)
  2. Mucous (goblet) cells (secrete mucus)
  3. Paneth cells (defend intestinal stem cells)
    —) important in supporting crypts
    —) stay at crypt base
    —) secrete antimicrobial molecules to provide host defence against gut microbes
  4. Endocrine cells (release hormones into blood to communicate locally and systemically)
  5. Intestinal stem cells (differentiate into different cell types)
    —) found at bottom of crypts
30
Q

If intestinal stem cells migrate up what can they become

A

They can become either mucus cells or endocrine or columnar cells

31
Q

If intestinal stem cells migrate down what can they become

A

They become paneth cells

32
Q

True or False: immune cells are not found in GIT tissue

A

False immune cells are found in GIT tissue

33
Q

What kind of cells sample antigens and educate the immune system

A

M cells

34
Q

What does the peyer’s patch do in the GIT
What are they
What are they involved with

A

It monsters for antigens and microbes in the intestinal lumen
They are secondary lymphoid organs
Involved with immune response

35
Q

What kind of cells educate the immune system

A

Paneth cells

36
Q

What are dendritic cells found in the GIT lining similar to?

A

They are kind of like a macrophage

37
Q

What is a mini gut culture system used for

A

It is used to study how cells work or function

38
Q

How often are cells replace, why are they replaced

A

Every 3-5 days usually (depends on rate of cell damage)
They are replaced to take the place of dead cells (due to cell death)

39
Q

What can influence the rate of cell death in the GIT

A

It depends on signals from microbes (the microbial environment)

40
Q

What is the purpose of tight junctions in the GIT

A

They are there to keep harmful agents out of the GIT

41
Q

True or False: pathogens can disrupt the intestinal surface

A

True

ANSC 311 (7 decks)

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