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General Med > Git Combanium > Flashcards

Git Combanium Flashcards

1
Q

Normal liver span

A

12-15 cm

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2
Q

Riedels lobe

A

Tongue like projection from right lobe,bimanually palpable,

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3
Q

Normal palpable liver

A

Thin individuals
Visceroptosis
Emphysema
Right sided pleural eff
Right pneumothorax

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4
Q

Causes of massive hepatosplenomegaly

A

HCC
Secondary ca liver
Pyogenic and amoeibic abscess
Polycystic disease of liver
Leukemia
Amyloidosis

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5
Q

Soft smooth surfaced tender liver

A

Acute viral hepatitis
Acute congestion( CCF,Budd chiari)
Pyogenic liver abscess
Fatty liver

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6
Q

Firm regular liver

A

Chronic congestion(CCF,Budd chiari)
Early cirrhosis in hemochromatosis and sec biliary cirrhosis
Amyloidosis

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7
Q

Firm nodular liver

A

HCC
Sec ca
Late stages of cirrhosis, hemochromatosis,Wilson’s,sec biliary cirrhosis
Tertiary syphillis

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8
Q

Pulsatile liver

A

Systolic
Tr
Severe ar
Diastolic
Ts

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9
Q

Enlargemtnet of left lobe of liver

A

HCC
Metastasis
Abscess
Cyst
Hepar lobatum(syphillis)

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10
Q

Methods for spleen percussion

A

Percussion of traubes space
Nixons method
Castells method

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11
Q

Size classification of spleen

A

Mild <3
Moderate 3-7
Massive > 7 cm

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12
Q

Causes of mild splenomegaly

A

Infective
Infectious mononucleosis
Malaria
Tb
Brucellosis
Viral hepatitis
Collagen vascular diseases
Congestion

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13
Q

Causes of massive splenomegaly

A

Tropical splenomegaly syndrome
Kala azar
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Lymphoma
Polycythemia rubra vera
Cll
Sarcoidosis
Auto immune hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

Splenomegaly with jaundice

A

Hemolytic anemia
Hepatitis viral
Hepatic failure
Infections,malaria

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15
Q

Splenomegaly with lymphadenopathy

A

Infectious mono
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Sarcoidosis
Disseminated tb

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16
Q

Splenomegaly with ascites

A

CLD with portal hypertension
Disseminated tb
Git / ovarian malignancy

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17
Q

Splenomegaly with anemia

A

Hemolytic anemia
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Disseminated tb

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18
Q

Small spleen with small liver

A

Infections(inf mono,viral hep,malaria,tb)
CCF chronic
Collagen vascular diseases

19
Q

Small spleen with large liver

A

CCF acute
Liver met
Polycystic liver

20
Q

Large spleen with small liver

A

Kala azar
Tropical splenomegaly syndrome
EHPVO

21
Q

Large spleen with large liver

A

Myeloproliferative disorders
Lymphoproliferative disorders
Hemolytic anemia
Storage diseases

22
Q

Normal urine color in jaundice means

A

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

23
Q

What is melena

A

Black sticky stools with offensive odor,indicates that blood has been in gi system for 8-14 hrs

24
Q

Cirrhotic facies

A

Sunken eyes and cheeks with malar prominence,bilaterally enlarged parotid gland

25
Q

Why parotid enlargemtnet

A

Malnutrition

26
Q

Why leuconychia

A

Hypoalbunemia

27
Q

Why dupuytrens contracture

A

Fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis resulting in flexion deformities in the ring and little finger seen in alcoholic cirrhosis
Mech: injury by radics released as a result of conversion of excessive tissue hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase

28
Q

DD of palmar erythema

A

Pregnancy
Rheumatoid arthritis
Thyrotoxicosis
Leukemia
Acute febrile illness

29
Q

Why fetor hepaticus

A

Due to production of mercaptans

30
Q

What is spider naevi

A

Central arteriolar dilatation with radiating small vessels
1-2 mm to 1-2 cm

31
Q

DD of spider naevi

A

Pregnancy
Rheumatoid arthritis
Thryotoxicosis

32
Q

Why kf ring

A

Deposition of copper in descemets membrane of cornea

33
Q

Causes of kf ring

A

Wilson’s
Cryptogenic cirrhosis
Intra ocular copper body
PBC

34
Q

Causes of gynecomastia

A

Puberty
Chronic liver disease
Drugs(spironolactone,cimetedine,ketoconazole)
Tumour of testis/ lungs

35
Q

Asterixis also seen in

A

Uremia
Resp failure(CO2 narcosis)
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesia
Certain drugs

36
Q

Blumbergs sign

A

Rebound tenderness

37
Q

Features of decompensation

A

Ascites
Gi bleed
Jaundice
Hep encephalopathy
Splenomegaly

38
Q

Precipitants of hep encephalopathy

A

Renal failure
Diuretic therapy
Gi bleeding
Infection
Constipation
Diet protein overload
Drugs(antipsycjotics,antideps,benzodiazapene)

39
Q

Grades of hep encephalopathy

A

Grade 0- subclinical
1- mild confusion
2- drowsiness
3- drowsy but arousable
4- coma

40
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome

A

A continuum of renal dysfunction that may be observed in patients with cirrhosis,caused by vasoconstriction of large and small renal arteries and the impaired renal perfusion that results

41
Q

How to diagnose hepatorenal syndrome

A

Creatinine clearance<40 ml/min
Serum creatinine>1.5 mg/ dl
Urine volume<500 ml/ day
Urine sodium<10 meq/ L
Urine osmolality > plasma osmolality

42
Q

Low risk drinking

A

Males-21 units per week
Females-14 units per week

1 unit =10 ml/8 gm

43
Q

Screening test to identify problem drinking

A

CAGE test

44
Q

Treatment of alcoholic

A

Stabilization
Detoxification
Rehabilitation

General Med (10 decks)

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