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General Combanium Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulse

A

Waveform generated by left ventricular systolic which traverses arterial tree in a peripheral direction at a tmrate faster than blood column

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2
Q

Physiological bradycardia

A

Athlete
Sleep

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3
Q

Pathological bradycardia

A

. Acute inf wall mi
. Heart block
. Sick sinus syndrome
. Ict
. Hypoxia
. Hypothermia

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4
Q

Physiological tachycardia

A

Emotion
Exertion
Age

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5
Q

Pathological tachycardia

A

Anemia
Fever
Acute ant wall mi
Phaeochromocytoma

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6
Q

Regularly irregular rhythm

A

Atrial flutter

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7
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

Atrial fib

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8
Q

Hypokinetic pulse

A

Cardiac failure
Shock
Ms
As

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9
Q

Hyperkinetic pulse

A

Mr
Vsd
High output states

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10
Q

Anacrotic (pulsus parvus et tardus)

A

Severe aortic stenosis

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11
Q

Dicrotic

A

Left vent failure
Typhoid fever
Cardiac tamponade
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Dehydration

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12
Q

Waterhammer pulse(collapsing pulse)

A

Ar
Patent ductus arteriosus
Av fistula
Rupture of sinus of valsakva

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13
Q

Pulsus bisferens

A

As with ar
Severe ar
Hocm

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14
Q

Pulsus alterans

A

Severe left vent failure

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15
Q

Pulsus bigeminis

A

Digitalis toxicity

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16
Q

Paradoxical pulse

A

Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
Acute severe asthma
SVC obstruction

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17
Q

Reverse pulsus paradoxus

A

Hocm
Av dissociation

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18
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

Phase 1- clear and tapping
Phase 2- soft murmur
Phase 3- murmur becomes louder
Phase 4- muffling of sounds
Phase 5- disappearance of sounds

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19
Q

Tachypnea

A

Anxiety
Exertion
Fever
Hypoxia
Acidosis
Pneumonia
ARDS
Acute pulm edema

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20
Q

Bradypnea

A

Alkalosis
Hypothyroidism
Increased ict

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21
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Acidosis
Brain stem lesion
Hysterical state

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22
Q

Intermittent fever

A

Sepsis
Abscess

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23
Q

Remittent fever

A

Viral uri
Mycoplasma

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24
Q

Continuous fever

A

Brucellosis
RMSF

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25
Relapsing fever
Infection TB Histoplasmosis
26
Pel ebsteins fever
Hodgkins lymphoma
27
What Is jugular venous pressure
The vertical height from the sternal angle to the zone of transition of distended and collapsed internal jugular veins. Normally 4-5 cm
28
Why do we use ijv for jvp
. Direct continuation of right atrium . No valves . Doesn't go through muscular plane . Right is more straighter than left . Located between two heads of sternocleidomastoid
29
Causes of elevated jvp
Innominate vein thrombosis Pleural effusion COPD Cardiac tamponade Constrictive pericarditis TS Tr Ascites Pregnancy
30
Causes of fall in jvp
Hypovolemia Shock Addisons
31
Waves in jvp
A wave- right atrial contraction C wave- tricuspid valve ascends carotid artery impact X descent- right atrial relaxation V wave- venous filling into atrium Y descent- tricuspid valve opens atrial emptying
32
Prominent a wave
TS Pah Ps
33
Cannon a wave
Complete heart block
34
Absent a wave
Af Atrial standstill
35
Prominent v wave
Tr Rvf Restrictive cardiomyopathy
36
A wave = v wave
Cardiac tamp Constrictive pericarditis Hypovolemia
37
Prominent x descent
Cardiac tamp Asd
38
Prominent y descent
Constrictive pericarditis Tr Asd
39
Blunted x descent
Tr Af
40
Blunted y descent
Cardiac tamp Ts
41
Kussmals sign
During inspiration,mean jvp falls, due to inability of the heart to accommodate increased venous return caused by negative intra pleural pressure Seen in, Constrictive pericarditis Rvf Right vent infarction
42
Absent abdominal jugular reflex
Budd chiari syndrome
43
Sites of pallor
Lower palpebral conjunctiva Tongue Finger nailbed Palms
44
Serum bilirubin in icterus
More than 2 mg percent
45
DD jaundice + malnutrition
Pancreatic malignancy Cirrhosis
46
DD jaundice + virchow nodes+/ sister Mary Joseph's nodules
Intra abd malignancy
47
DD jaundice + elevated jvp+ tender hepatomegaly
Hepatic congestion
48
DD jaundice+ ascite+ pleural effusion
Advanced cirrhosis Disemminated malignancy
49
DD jaundice+ tender hepatomegaly
Viral hepatitis Alc hepatitis
50
DD jaundice+ Murphy's sign
Acute cholecystitis Ascending cholangitis
51
What is clubbing
Selective bulbous enlargement of distal portion of the distal phalanx due to proliferation of connective tissue
52
Grading of clubbing
1- fluctuation of nail 2- obliteration of angle 3- drumstick,parrotbeak 4- hypertrophic pulm osteo arthropathy
53
Sign to demonstrate clubbing
Schamroth sign
54
Theory of clubbing
PDGF mediated Megakaryocytes - endothelium of small arteries - forms plugs - activated - PDGF production - CT proliferation Vag stimulation Humor substances(GH,pth)
55
Pseudo clubbing seen in
Hansens disease Leukemia Hyperparathydoism Vinyl chloride worker
56
Sites of cyanosis
Lips Nailbed Ears Conjunctiva Oral cavity
57
Intermittent cyanosis
Ebsteins anomaly
58
Classification of cyanosis
Central( cyanotic heart disease,pulm av fistula,methhemoglobinemia) Peripheral( frost bite,arterial obstruction,venous obstruction) Differential( lowerlimb only - PDA with elsenmengers, upper limb only- PDA+TOGV+ Elsenmenger) Intermittent -( ebsteins anomaly)
59
Signs of dehydration
Cool clammy skin Delayed cap filling Dry mucous membranes Change in mental state Tachycardia Tachypnea Hyptension Oliguria Sunken eyes
60
Grading of obesity
Grade 1- overweight(BMI 25-30) Grade 2- obese(BMI 30-40) Grade 3- very obese(BMI >40)
61
Causes of underweight
Malnutrition Thyrotoxicosis Db Addisons TB HIV Chronic bronchitis Depression

General Med (10 decks)

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