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First Aid > GIT - Anatomy > Flashcards

GIT - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What gastrointestinal ligament contains the portal triad?

A

hepatoduodenal

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2
Q

What gastrointesitnal ligament contains the gastric arteries?

A

gastrohepatic ligament

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3
Q

What GIT ligament contains the gastroepiploic arteries?

A

gastrocolic ligament

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4
Q

What GIT ligament contains the short gastric, left gastroepiploic vessels?

A

gastrosplenic

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5
Q

What GIT ligament contains the splenic artery and vein and the tail of the pancreas?

A

splenorenal

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6
Q

What GIT ligament contains the tail of the pancreas in addition to other structures?

A

splenorenal

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7
Q

What is the pringle maneuver?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament may be compressed between thumb and index finger placed in omental foramen to control bleeding

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8
Q

What are the layers of the gut wall from the inside to the outside?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa

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9
Q

Description of the layer of the gut wall: epithelium(absorption, lamina propria(support) and muscular mucosa(motility)

A

mucosa

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10
Q

What part of the mucosa is responsible for motility?

A

muscularis mucosa

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11
Q

What part of the mucosa is responsible for support?

A

lamina propria

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12
Q

What part of the mucosa is responsible for absorption?

A

epithelium

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13
Q

What layer of the GIT contains the myenteric nerve plexus?

A

muscularis externa

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14
Q

What layer of the GIT contains the Meissner plexus?

A

submucosa

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15
Q

What layer of the GIT contains the auerbach?

A

muscularis externa

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16
Q

What is the difference between the Serosa and the Adventitia?

A

Serosa is intraretroperitoneal and adventitia is retroperitoneal

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17
Q

What is the difference between ulcers and erosions when considering the layers they invade in the GIT?

A

ulcers can invade the submucosa, inner or outer muscular layer. Erosions are in the mucosa only.

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18
Q

What is the maximum frequency of basal rhythm in the duodenum?

A

12 waves/min

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19
Q

What is the maximum frequency of basal rhythm in the stomach?

A

3 waves per minute

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20
Q

What is the maximum frequency of basal rhythm in the ileum?

A

8-9 waves per minute

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21
Q

What type of tissue is found in the esophagus?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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22
Q

What type of epithelium do you find in the stomach?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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23
Q

What type of glands do you particularly found in the stomach?

A

gastric glands

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24
Q

What significant histological change do you find in the duodenum?6

A

You find villi and microvilli, you find an increase in the absorptive surface, you have brunner glands in the submucosa and you find the crypts of Liberkühn

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25
Q

Where do you generally find Brunner glands in the GIT?

A

duodenum

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26
Q

Where do you specifically find Brunner glands in the GIT?

A

submucosa of the duodenum

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27
Q

Where do you generally find crypts of Lieberkühn?

A

duodenum and jejunum and colon

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28
Q

What significant histological structures do you find in the jejunum?2

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn and Plicae circulares

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29
Q

What significant histological findings do you find in the ileum?4

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn, Plicae Circulares, Peyer Patches and the largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine

30
Q

Where do you find the largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine?

A

Jejunum

31
Q

What significant histological findings do you find in the colon?3

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn, no villi and numerous goblet cells

32
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

esophagus

33
Q

Gastric glands

A

stomach

34
Q

Villi, microvilli, increase in absorptive surface, Brunner glands(submucosa) and crypts of Lieberkühn

A

duodenum

35
Q

Plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkühn

A

Jejunum

36
Q

Peyer patches(lamina propria, submucosa), plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkühn, largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine

A

ileum

37
Q

Where do you find the place circulares in the ileum?

A

proximal ileum

38
Q

Crypts of Lieberkühn, no villi and numberous goblet cells

A

colon

39
Q

What part of the stomach has deeper thought in the mucosa?

A

pyloric end of the stomach

40
Q

Where is most of the water and electrolytes absorbed in the GIT?(specific location)

A

Jejunum

41
Q

What GIT ligament connects the liver to anterior abdominal wall?

A

falciform ligament

42
Q

What GIT ligament connects the liver to the duodenum?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

43
Q

What GIT Ligaments connects the liver to lesser curvature of stomach?

A

gastrohepatic ligament

44
Q

What GIT ligament connectors the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon?

A

gastrocolic

45
Q

What GIT ligament connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the spleen?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

46
Q

What GIT ligament connects the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

splenorenal ligament

47
Q

What GIT ligament is a derivative of the ventral mesentery

A

falciform ligament

48
Q

The “Pringle maneuver” can be conducted with what GIT ligament?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

49
Q

What GIT ligament contains the ligament teres hepatis?

A

falciform ligament

50
Q

What GIT ligament contains the portal triad?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

51
Q

What level, in reference to the vertebral column, do you find the celiac trunk?

A

T12/L1

52
Q

What level, in reference to the vertebral column, do you find the superior mesenteric artery?

A

L1

53
Q

What level, in reference to the vertebral column, do you find the left renal artery?

A

L1

54
Q

What level, in reference to the vertebral column, do you find the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

L3

55
Q

What level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the left common iliac artery and the right internal iliac artery?

A

L4; bi”four”cation

56
Q

The arteries supplying the GI structures, when considering the abdominal aorta, branch: anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally or medially?

A

anteriorly

57
Q

The arteries supplying non-GI structures when considering the abdominal aorta, branch anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally or medially?

A

laterally

58
Q

This disease occurs when the transverse portion (third segment) of the duodenum is entrapped between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta, causing intestinal obstruction.

A

Superior Mesenteric artery syndrome

59
Q

What is superior mesenteric syndrome?

A

This is when the transverse part of the duodenum, the third segment, is entrapped between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, causing intestinal obstruction

60
Q

What region of the GIT is the foregut?

A

pharynx to the proximal duodenum

61
Q

What region of the GIT is the Midgut?

A

distal duodenum to the proximal 2/3rd of the transverse colon

62
Q

What region of the GIT is the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon to the upper portion of the rectum

63
Q

The foregut is supplied by what artery?

A

celiac artery

64
Q

The midgut is supplies by what artery?

A

superior mesenteric artery

65
Q

The Hindgut is supplied by what artery?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

66
Q

The parasympathetic innervation to the foregut is supplied by what structure(s)?

A

vagus nerve

67
Q

The parasympathetic innervation to the Midgut is supplied by what structure(s)?

A

vagus nerve

68
Q

The parasympathetic innervation to the Hindgut is supplied by what structure(s)?

A

pelvic

69
Q

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?(3 points)

A

Left gastric artery, common hepatic artery and splenic artery

70
Q

What are the number of branches for the celiac trunk?

A

3

71
Q

What arteries have poor anastomoses if the splenic artery is blocked?

A

short gastric arteries

72
Q

Where does strong anastomoses occur around the stomach?

A

left and right gastrics left and right gastroepiploics

First Aid (7 decks)

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