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First Aid > Endocrine - Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The adrenal cortex is derived from what primitive germ layer?

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

The adrenal medulla is derived from what primitive cell type?

A

neural crest

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3
Q

What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults?

A

pheochromocytoma

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4
Q

What are the zones of the adrenal cortex?(3 points)

A

Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Fasiculata, Zona Reticularis

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5
Q

What is the nemonic used to assist a student with memorizing the zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

GFR: G stands for glomerulosa, F stands for fasiculata and R stands for reticularis

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6
Q

What is the nemonic used to figure out the type of hormones from the different locations of the adrenal cortex?

A

“The deeper you go, the sweeter it gets.” This corresponds with Salt, Sugar and then Sex.

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7
Q

What is the primary regulatory control in the Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

A

Renin-Angiotensin System

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8
Q

What are the secretory products from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

A

aldosterone

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9
Q

What is the primary regulatory control in the zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex?(2 points)

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACH) and Corticotropic Release Hormone(CRH)

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10
Q

What are the secretory products from the zona fasiculata?(2 points)

A

Cortisol, Sex Hormones

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11
Q

What are the secretory products from the zona reticularis?

A

sex hormones, i.e., androgens

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12
Q

What is the primary regulatory control for the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex?(2 points)

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH), Corticotropic Release Hormone(CRH)

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13
Q

What are the main cell type in the medulla?

A

chromaffin cells

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14
Q

What is the primary regulatory control of the adrenal medulla?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

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15
Q

What are the secretory products from the medulla?(3 points)

A
  1. Catecholamines
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Norepinephrine
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16
Q

What adrenal gland tumor is characterized by episodic hypertension?

A

pheochromocytoma

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17
Q

What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children?

A

neuroblastoma

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18
Q

How often dose neuroblastoma cause hypertension in children?

A

rarely

19
Q

What is the drainage of the left adrenal gland?(4 points)

A

Left adrenal gland to the **left adrenal vein** to the left renal vein to the Inferior Vena Cavae(IVC)

20
Q

What is the drainage of the right adrenal gland?(3 points)

A

Right adrenal gland to the right adrenal vein to the inferior vena cavae(IVC)

21
Q

What is the drainage of the left and right gonadal vein?

A

The same as the drainage of the left adrenal gland

22
Q

Neurohypophysis is a term used to specifically refer to what endocrine gland?

A

the posterior pituitary gland

23
Q

Adenohypophysis is a term used to refer to what specific endocrine gland?

A

anterior pituitary gland

24
Q

The posterior pituitary gland secretes what hormones?(2 points)

A

ADH, i.e., vasopressin and oxytocin

25
Q

What general organ synthesizes oxytocin?

A

hypothalamus

26
Q

What geneal organ synthesizes ADH?

A

hypothalamus

27
Q

What are neurophysins and what role do they play in the transportation of hormones?(2 points)

A

neurophysins are carrier proteins that transport oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone to the posterior pituitary gland.

28
Q

The posterior pituitary gland is derived from what specific primary germ layer?

A

neuroectoderm

29
Q

The Anterior Pituitary gland secretes what hormones?(6 points)

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH), Luteinizing Hormone(LH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Prolactin, Growth Hormone(GH), melanotropic (MSH)

30
Q

What is a nemonic used to remember the hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and the cells that secrete them?

A

B-FLAT: Basophils - FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH and FLAT PiG: FSH, LH, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, TSH, Prolactin, GH

31
Q

What type of cell in the anterior pitutiary gland secretes GH and prolactin?

A

acidophils

32
Q

The anterior pituitary gland is derived from what specific primitive germ layer?(2 points)

A

oral ectoderm

33
Q

What are the subunits for the anterior pituitary gland?(2 points)

A

α-subunit and β-subunit

34
Q

What hormones are common to the α-subunit of the anterior pituitary gland?(4 points)

A

FSH, LH, hCG and TSH

35
Q

What subunit of the anterior pituitary gland deterines the hormone specificity?

A

β-subunit

36
Q

What are the endocrine cell types in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?(3 points)

A

α-cells, β-cells, δ-cells

37
Q

What are the islet of Langerhands in the pancreas?(1 point)

A

It is a collection of α,β, and δ endocrine cells in the pancreas

38
Q

What are the cells and the respective secretory products in the Islet of Langerhans of the pancreas?(6 points)

A

The α-cells secrete glucagon, the **β-cells secrete **insulin and the δ-cells secrete somatostatin.

39
Q

What is the location of the cells on the Islets of Langerhans in the in the pancreas?(3 points)

A

α-cells** **are located in the periphery, β-cells are located centrally and δ-cells are interspersed.

40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q

What is the location of the subcellular structure where preproinsulin is synthesized?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

Acidophils secrete what hormones from the anterior pitutiary gland?(2 points)

A

Prolactin and GH

First Aid (7 decks)

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