GIT accessory organs

Question 1

Connective tissue that surround the liver

Answer 1

Glisson’s capsule

Question 2

Space of disse

Answer 2

Space between the hepatocytes plate and the sinusoidal endothelium . Its also called “ perisinusoidal space “ .

Question 3

Ito cells

Answer 3

day Fat-storing cells ( lipocytes ) in the perisinusoidal space

Question 4

The function of ito cells

Answer 4

1. Vit. A storage .
2. Regulate the diameter of sinusoids.
3. Secretion the extra-cellular matrix .
4. Growth factor secretion .

Question 5

Chronic liver disease

Answer 5

Ito cells acquire the feature of myofibroblast .

Question 6

Bile secretion rate

Answer 6

500-10000 ml/day

Question 7

Bile canaliculi

Answer 7

Space between basement membrane of two hepatocytes .

Question 8

Cholangiocytes

Answer 8

Low cuboidal cells lined the bile ductules ( hering canal ).

Question 9

Type of epi. that lines the bile ductules

Answer 9

Low cuboidal epi.

Question 10

Type of epi. that lines bile duct

Answer 10

Cuboidal epi.

Question 11

Type of epi. that lines rt & lt hepatic ducts

Answer 11

Tall columnar epi.

Question 12

Type of epi. that lines common hepatic duct

Answer 12

Tall columnar epi.

Question 13

Type of epi. that lines the common bile duct

Answer 13

Tall columnar epi.

Question 14

Surfaces of hepatocytes

Answer 14

1. Sinusoidal .
2. Canalicular .
3. Intercellular .

Question 15

Functions of the liver

Answer 15

1. Detoxification .
2. Synthesis .
3. Storage .
4. Metabolism .
5. Destruction .

Question 16

Gall bladder function

Answer 16

Storage & concentration of bile .

Question 17

Gall bladder capacity

Answer 17

50-100 ml

Question 18

Liver histology

Answer 18

1. Stroma ( support )
   a. C.t capsule .
   b. Reticular fibers .
   
   • between the hepatocytes .
   • between the hepatocytes & sinusoidal
     endothelium .
2. Parenchyma ( functional part )
   a. Hepatocytes .
   b. Reticule endothelial cells ( kupffer cells ) .
   c. Ito cells ( lipocytes ) .
   —> central a.
   —> portal triad .

Question 19

Gall bladder histology

Answer 19

1.mucosa
a. Simple columnar epi. with microvilli .
—> tubuloacinar mucous glands .
b. Lamina propria .
—> no muscularis mucosa .
—> no submucosa .
2. Muscular layer .
3. Perimuscular c.t .
4. Serosa .

Question 20

Tubuloacinar mucous glands

Answer 20

• near the cystic duct .

- located in epi. & invaginated into lamina propria of gall bladder .

Question 21

Pancreas histology

Answer 21

1. C.t capsule .
2. Exocrine dark part .
   —> pure serous ( tubuloacinar )
   —> duct system ( centroacinar , intercalated , inter lobular & main pancreatic ducts ) .
3. Endocrine pale part .
   —> islands of langerhans .
   —> fenestrated capillaries .
   —> reticular fibers .

Question 22

Description of serous gland

Answer 22

Pyramidal cells sit on basal lamina surround central lumen narrow at apical & wide at the base , the nucleus located toward the base with basophilic cytoplasm .

Question 23

Acinar secretion

Answer 23

Bicarbonate rich fluid consist of water , ions , prolytic enzyme & coenzymes .

Question 24

Types of ducts located in pancreas

Answer 24

1. Centro-acinar .
2. Intercalated .
3. Inter lobular .
4. Main pancreatic .

Question 25

Type of epi. in centroacinar duct

Answer 25

Low cuboidal epi.

Question 26

Type of epi. in intercalated duct

Answer 26

Low cuboidal epi.

Question 27

Type of epi. In interlobulated duct

Answer 27

Low columnar epi.

Question 28

Type of epi. in main pancreatic duct

Answer 28

Tall columnar epi.

Question 29

Alpha cells

Answer 29

Glucagon - 20%

Question 30

Beta cells

Answer 30

Insulin - 75%

Question 31

Delta cells

Answer 31

Somatostatin - 5%

Question 32

PP cells

Answer 32

Pancreatic polypeptide - 1%

Question 33

Clear or G cells

Answer 33

Gastrin -1%