Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > endocrine System > Flashcards

endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Mixed gland in our bodies

A
  1. Islets of langerhans .
  2. Leyding cells .
  3. Corpus lutetium .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrine glands aggregation

A
  1. Cords & clumps .

2. Follicles ( thyroid glands ) & the intermediate lobe of pituitary gland .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pituitary gland weight

A

0.5 g in adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pituitary gland parts and their embryonic origin

A
  1. adenohypophysis (ant. lobe ) —> rathke’s pouch .

2. Neurohypophysis ( post. lobe ) —> diencephalon of the developing brain .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pituitary gland histology

A
  1. Capsule of c.t .
  2. Adenohypophysis :
    a. Pars distalis .
    b. Pars tubularis .
    c. Pars intermedia .
  3. Neurohypophysis :
    a. Pars nervosa .
    b. Fundibular stalk .
    c. Median eminence .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pars distalis histology

A
  1. Cords of epi. cells (hormone secreting cells):
    a. Chromophils ( acidophilic & basophilic ) .
    b. Chromophobs .
  2. Reticular fibers .
  3. Fenestrated & sinusoidal capillaries .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PAS stain

A
  1. Acidophilic —> bright purple color .

2. Basophilic —> bluish color .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chromophobs

A
  1. Weakly staining .
  2. Few or no granules .
  3. Not yet differentiated into hormone producing cells .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acidophilic cells

A
  1. Somatotropes .

2. Mammo(lacto)tropes .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Basophilic cells

A
  1. Thyrotropes .
  2. Gonadotropes .
  3. Corricotropes .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pars tubularis histology

A
  1. Gonadotropes , thyrotropes & chromophobes .

2. Hypophyseal portal vessels .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pars intermedia histology

A
  1. Hypophyseal cleft .

2. Large pale cells surround follicles filled with colloid material .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hormone secreted by pars intermedia

A

MSH ( melanocyte stimulating hormone )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Upper section of beurohypophysis above pars tubularis

A

Median eminence .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Part of neurohypophysis connects the pars nervosa with the base of the brain .

A

Infundibular stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The pars nervosa differs from adenohypophysis

A

It does not have secretory cells that secret hormones .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pars nervosa histology

A
  1. Neural tissue
    a. unmylinated axons of supraoptic nuclei .
    b. Pituicytes ( highly branched glial cells ) —>
    most abundant .
  2. Herring bodies : dilated area of the terminal
    portion of axons ( neurosecretory granules)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Herring bodies function

A
  1. ADH secretion .

2. Oxytocin .

19
Q

Suprarenal gland ( shape & weight )

A

Pyramidal in shape , 4g in weight .

20
Q

Adrenal gland histology

A
  1. Stroma :
    a. Dense c.t capsule with trabeculae .
    b. Reticular fibers .
  2. Parenchyma :
    a. Cortex .
    b. Medulla .
21
Q

Adrenal gland cortex criterias

A
  1. 80-90% .

2. derived from mesoderm .

22
Q

Adrenal gland medulla criterias

A
  1. 10-20% .
  2. Derived from neural ectoderm (considerd as
    a modified sympathetic ganglion ) .
23
Q

Type of adrenal cortical hormones

A

Steroid hormones

24
Q

Zona glomerulosa histology

A

Its cells are columnar in shape & in irregular cords pattern .

25
Q

Zona fasiculata histology

A

Its cells are polyhedral , have foamy appearance & arranged in straighted cords pattern .

26
Q

Zona fasiculata cells have foamy appearance . Explain why .

A

Due to abundant lipid droplets

27
Q

Zona reticularis histology

A
  1. Cells arranged in cords project in many directions & anastomose with each other .
  2. Its cells are smaller than fasiculata .
  3. Eosinophilic .
  4. Few lipid droplets .
28
Q

Chromaffin cells histology

A

Large , polyhedral , supported by reticular fibers & located in adrenal medulla .

29
Q

From where the chromaffin cells arise

A

Neural crest , considered as modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons lacking axons & dendrites & specialized as secretory cells .

30
Q

Why cromaffin cells called like that ?

A

Because derive from fixative solution containing chromium salts .

31
Q

Why chromaffin cells have brownish appearance ?

A

Due to oxidation of catecholamines to melanin .

32
Q

Sympathetic ganglion cells histology

A

Round or polyhedral with prominent nuclei .

33
Q

Pineal body capsule histology

A
  1. Capsule of c.t with its trabeculae .
  2. The paranchyma is homogenous .
  3. Blood vessles .
  4. Two cell types ( pinealocytes & astrocytes ) .
34
Q

Pinealocytes histology

A

Large , light & round nuclei .

35
Q

Astrocytes histology

A

Glial cells , dark & elongated nuclei .

36
Q

Brain sands

A

A characteristic feature of the pineal gland & considered as Ca & Mg salts of different sizes .

37
Q

Thyroid gland weight

A

20 g

38
Q

Thyroid gland histology

A
  1. Fibrous capsule .
  2. Spherical follicles separated from each other inter follicular c.t .
  3. Viscous substances in the lumen of the follicles .
39
Q

Follicular cells histology

A

Simple squamous to simple columnar epi. according to their activity .

40
Q

Paradollicular cells ( C cells ) location

A

Between the follicular cells & the basal lamina or outside the basal lamina in the interfollicular c.t .

41
Q

Parathyroid gland weight

A

About 130g .

42
Q

Parathyroid gland histology

A
  1. Delicate c.t septa .
  2. Capillaries .
  3. Fat cells .
  4. Chief ( principal cells ) .
  5. Oxyphil cells .
43
Q

Chief cells histology

A

Small , polygonal with round central nucleus & weakly acidophilic .

44
Q

Oxyphil cells histologically

A

As clusters between chief cells , much larger with strongly acidophilic cytoplasm .

Histology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions