GIT Flashcards
What happens if blood flow through the liver is obstructed?
Portal hypertension - transudation of fluids leading to ascites.
What happens if portal blood bypasses the liver?
Hypoperfusion of the liver leading to dysfunction. Portal blood will not be detoxified.
What are the mechanisms of hyperbilirubinaemia?
Excessive haemolysis, severe liver damage, cholestasis.
What are the systemic consequences of liver failure?
Decreased clotting factors, decreased gluco/glycogenesis, decreased albumin, increased bilirubin and increased ammonia.
How can you distinguish small intestinal and large intestinal diarrhoea?
SI: weight loss (if chronic/severe), increased volume, malena or fresh blood, polyphagia. LI: Small stools but increased frequency, straining, mucous present, may have fresh blood (but not malena).
What should you differentiate from tenesmus?
Straining to urinate.
What analgesia is best for GI patients?
Opiods.
Is chronic fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver common in dogs and cats?
Common in dogs but uncommon in cats.
Does primary biliary disease commonly affect dogs or cats?
Cats. Rare in dogs.
What should you remember when doing an exploratory laparotomy?
Take biopsies while you’re in there! Save going back.
Can you give potassium as a bolus?
NEVER!! Add it to the fluid bag and do not exceed 0.5mEq/kg/hr.
How do you calculate RER for a cat/dog?
30 x weight (kg) + 70
List 3 antiemetics:
Metoclopramide, maropitant, ondansetron.
List 3 antacids/gastric protectants:
Ranitidine, omeprazole, misoprostol.
List 3 motility modifiers:
metoclopramide, ranitidine, cisapride.
When should you not induce emesis in a patient?
When the animal has abnormal mentation or if the ingested substance is caustic.
What are the best emetics to use in a dog v. cat?
Dog - apomorphine in the conjunctiva of the eye. Cat - xylazine.
Lethargy +/- bloody diarrhoea in a puppy in NQ - what should be at the top of your differential diagnosis list?
Parvovirus and hookworm!!
What is used to diagnose EPI?
Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity.
