GIT Flashcards
Where is the trachea to the oesophagus
Left of oesophagus
Oesophagus is medial Dorsal to trachea
How does the oesophagus wiggle
Between right side of aortic arch
And left of azygous vein
How does oesophagus enter the cardia
Through the oesophagus hiatus in the diaphragm
How would you image the oesophagus
Contrast study
Common points of obstruction in oesophagus (3)
Hiatus in diaphragm
Thoracic inlet
Over Heart base - wiggle
What is vascular ring anomaly
When there is a malformation of blood vessel
Causes narrowing of oesophagus
What are the 2 layers of peritoneum
Visceral = organs
Parietal = wall
What organs are in the peritoneum
In retro peritoneum
GIT
liver spleen bladder reproductive
Kidney
Adrenal
What is mesentery
Same as visceral peritoneum
Surrounds organs
Function of peritoneum (2)
Support and structure
Blood nerve and lymphatic
What parts make up greater mesentery
Mesoillium
Mesojejunum
What is the mesentery name for the stomach
Omentum
What are 2 types of omentum
Greater and lesser
Where does the greater omentum attach and what is its appearance
To greater curvature
Hangs like curtain
Lacy
What are the sacs that form by the greater omentum called
Omental bursa
The omentum is what type of membrane
What is it used for I. Surgery
Serous
Prevent infection
Where does lesser omentum attach
Lesser curvature to liver
What are 3 veins from GIT that lead to portal vein
Splenic vein
Cranial and caudal mesenteric vein
Gastroduodenal vein
What is portosystemic shunting
Abnormal connection between systemic circulation and portal vein
Bypasses liver
What are the mucosa secretions of each part of the stomach
Cardia - mucus
Fundus & body - pepsin & HCl
Pylorus - gastrin & mucus
Imaging the stomach
Difficult when empty
Ultrasound for stomach wall
What is gastric dilation volvus
GDV
Stomach twist
Turns around cardia
How does canine intestine compare to ruminant
Shorter
What is similar and different about large and small intestine
Same 4 layers of gut wall
SI has villi
Large does not
What are the two parts of duodenum
Descending and ascending
What is the bend I. The duodenum called
Caudal flexure
What is a key feature of duodenum
BRUNNERS GLANDS
At start of duodenum
Because of acid chyme
Bicarbonate rich glands
Which part of small intestine is most mobile and absorption
Jejunum
Histologically how does the Jejunum compare to rest of SI
Longer villi
= more absorption
Also note irregular
What direction does ileum run
Dorsal
Cranial
Right
Key feature of ileum
Peyers patches
What is in large intestine that helps digestion
Commensal bacteria
What are 3 regions of large intestine
Caecum - boreal function in carnivores
Colon
Rectum
What can be seen histologically on LI (2)
No villi
Goblet cells - lubrication
What is the junction called between ileum and caecum
Ileocaecocolic junction
Caecum joins where
At side junction with muscular caecocolic junction
Where is colon
What is function
Dorsally
Absorb water and electrolytes
How does the wall of colon compare with small intestine
Thinner
No villi
Lymph nodules
How does the colon run
Ascending
- right side limited movement short
Transverse
- right to left flexible attachment
Descending
- longest part left side
Where is rectum found
Dorsally in pelvic canal
What is rectum attached to
Mesorectum
Pelvic diaphragm
Vagina or urethra
What are the 2 sphincter in anus
Internal - involuntary
External - voluntary
What is the anal canal
Invagination of ectoderm
Where are animal glands
Between anus sphincters
What is atresia
Failure to develop opening of anus or canal fails to open
Oesophagus
Name of muscle that acts as sphincter
Cricopharyngeal
