GIT 1 Flashcards
describe the gut structure
continuous structure from mouth to anus
what is the gut lined with
epithelial lining to help with absorption
how is the surface area increased of the gut
villi
what does the mucosal gland secrete
mucus from the small and large bowel and acid to help absorb nutrients
what runs around the tube
layers of muscle which allow for peristaltic waves to push food from one end to another
what is the purpose of the liver
produces bile salts and allows for emulsification of fats in diet increasing absorption
where are bile salts stored
in the gall bladder and released in response to food
what does the pancreas do
breaks down complex molecules increasing absoprtion
also releases secretions into the duodenum
also secretes insulin into the circulation in response to food in the tract
what provides the guts blood supply
the mesenteric arteries-branch of the aorta and this flows through the mesenteries
describe the venous drainage of the gut
the blood drains from the gut into the portal venous system
liver hepatocytes filter and metabolise drugs, nutrients (vitamins!) before releasing them into the systemic circulation
describe the nerve supply to the gut
parasympathetic stimulation promotes gut motility and gut secretion
sympathetic stimulation reduces gut motility and secretion
what signs and symptoms do we get from GIT diseases
Nausea and vomiting
Heartburn/epigastric pain
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain
Unintentional weight loss
Malabsorption
Vitamin deficiency
Anaemia
what is one of the main symptoms we consider in git iSSUES
changes in bowel habit
varies from 3 times a day to every 3 days is normal
what other changes can we notice in bowel habits
painful BMs
blood/mucus in stool
tenesmus
describe GORD
The stomach acid is very low pH and has enzymes in it which can pass up the oesophagus and cause damage
how is the stomach protected by acid
goblet cells which produce mucus for protection
how is the oesophagus normally protected from acid
the lower oesophagus sphincter
the ring of muscle around the diaphragm
how is the oesophagus normally protected from acid
the lower oesophagus sphincter
the ring of muscle around the diaphragm
what are symptoms of GORD
Heartburn
acid reflux
belching
erosion of teeth
inflammation of the pharynx and larynx
what are some risk factors of GORD
Reduced tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter
increased intra abdominal pressure
decreased stomach pH
increased stomach content
lifestyle
mechanical
drugs
how do we manage GORD
Address risk factor
neutralise stomach content - eg gaviscon which has bicarbonate which neutralises stomach acid and alginate and has a barrier on the stomach content
surgery to tiger lower oesophageal sphincter
what is peptic ulcer disease
inflammation of the stomach or the duodenum
what is an ulcer defined as
a pathological break in epithelial lining
what is peptic ulcers caused by
by acid and enzymes in the stomach
this can be caused by
stress
steroids
SSRIS
NSAIDs
h pylori
