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GISP > GIS Design Aspects and Data Modeling > Flashcards

GIS Design Aspects and Data Modeling Flashcards

1
Q

Conceptual Model

A

describes spatial objects as well as logical and topological relationships between spatial objects and the captured spatial entities

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2
Q

Data Structure Model

A

expresses the spatial objects of the conceptual model in terms of transfer data structures - based on traditional relational and network models - data structures viewed as spatial data structures are both vector and raster models

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3
Q

Transfer Model

A

express the logical constructs of the transfer form in terms of implementation-media constructs

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4
Q

File Based Transfer

A

data is a structured file format

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5
Q

Application Programming Interface (API)

A

data is accessed and exchanged as needed between software systems

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6
Q

Web Services

A

data is accessed and exchanged over networks and the internet between software components, using http and other web based protocols

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7
Q

Data Owner

A

user who creates tables, features classes owns those datasets

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8
Q

User Access

A

database must verify the user accounts that connect to it

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9
Q

Authentication

A

database checks the list of users to make sure a user is allowed to make a connection - Operating System (OS) authentication or Database Authentication

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10
Q

Groups

A

grant users based on their common functions

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11
Q

Public Role

A

right granted to anyone connected to database

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12
Q

Backup and Recover Database

A

test backup and recovery plan, ensure backups done on schedule

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13
Q

Database Security

A

prevent hackers, security models, tasks - authentication, authorization, auditing (making sure the right people have the right access)

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14
Q

Storage and Capacity Planning

A

disk storage is needed and monitor disk space and watch growth trends

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15
Q

Performance Monitoring

A

identify bottlenecks, tuning (indexing, queries on speed of return, right monitoring tools, capacity of server hardware

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16
Q

Troubleshooting

A

quickly ascertain problem and correct it

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17
Q

Other

A

High Availability and ETL functions - Data extraction, transformation, and loading

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18
Q

Requirements Phase

A

user needs assessment and workflow loads analysis (baseline and peak traffic)

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19
Q

Design Phase

A

Infrastructure requirements, network communication capacity, hardware and software procurement, software development and data acquisition must be identified

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20
Q

Construction Phase

A

system procurement, data acquisition and database design, authorization for application design and development, prototype testing

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21
Q

Implementation Phase

A

Initial Deployment and operational testing, final system delivery, user training, system maintenance operations

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22
Q

Capacity Planning Tool (CPT)

A

developed as a framework to promote successful GIS system design and implementation

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23
Q

Enterprise GIS Environment

A

broad spectrum of technology integration of enterprise technologies connected by local area networks, wide area networks, internet communications

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24
Q

Enterprise Technologies

A

database servers, storage area networks, windows terminal servers, web servers, map servers, desktop clients

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25
Q

Schema

A

structure or design of the database or database object (table, view, index, stored procedure, trigger) - defines the tables, fields in each table, relationships between fields - a schema will include information on which fields have domains and what those domains are

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26
Q

Data Dictionary

A

catalog or table containing information about the datasets stored in a database

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27
Q

Domain

A

the range of values for a particular metadata element

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28
Q

Attribute Domain

A

enforces data integrity, identify what values are allowed in a field in a feature class

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29
Q

Coded Value Domain

A

attribute domain that defines a set of permissible values for an attribute in a geodatabase - it has a code and its equivalent value

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30
Q

Range domain

A

type of attribute domain that defines the range of permissible values for a numeric attribute

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31
Q

Spatial Domain

A

allowable range for x,y coordinates and for m,z values

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32
Q

Individual Files

A

shapefiles, file gdb, personal gdb, tables, spreadsheets, CAD, rasters

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33
Q

Databases

A

direct connection to relational database management systems and big data databases - manage tables and feature classes in database

34
Q

Geodatabase

A

stores GIS in central location for easy access

35
Q

Cloud

A

store files in the cloud to be accessible anywhere. Editing can be multi or single user editing

36
Q

Control of Big Data

A

visualize multiple different types

37
Q

Integrate Enterprise

A

Data stored in big business systems to extend their analytical capabilities

38
Q

Data rules and relationships

A

define relationships between datasets and set rules ( domains and subtypes)

39
Q

Manage Metadata

A

describes content, quality, origin and other characteristics of data

40
Q

Secures Data

A

flexibility and control over how GIS platform is deployed, maintained, secured and used

41
Q

Versioning

A

allows multiple editors to edit one database by creating “duplicates” of the base
data - changes are recorded with addition and deletion tables - versions can be created or
deleted - edits are isolated in that version until admin merges changes - edits can be posted to
parent version - DEFAULT is the root version

42
Q

Database Design

A

process of producing a detailed data model of a database

43
Q

Conceptual Schema

A

determine where relationships and dependency is within the data

44
Q

Logical Data Model

A

Arrange data in a logical structure that can be mapped into the storage objects supported by the database management system

45
Q

Physical database design

A

physical configuration of the database on the storage media - detailed specification of data elements, data types, indexing options, and other parameters residing in the DBMS data directory - modules, hardware, software

46
Q

Tables

A

collection of related data held in structured format within a database, contains fields and rows

47
Q

Views

A

result set of a stored query on the data - users can query - virtual table computed dynamically from data when the view is accessed

48
Q

Sequences

A

ordered collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed (finite or infinite) number of elements is the length of the sequence

49
Q

Synonyms

A

Alias or alternate name for a table, view, sequence or other object

50
Q

Indexes

A

data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations in a database table - causes more storage space and additional writes - quickly locate data in the database - indexes can be on multiple columns

51
Q

Snapshot

A

state of a system at a particular point in time - can be a backup

52
Q

Procedure

A

subroutine available to applications that access a relational database system (data validation, access control mechanisms)

53
Q

Trigger

A

procedural code automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view in a database

54
Q

Function (Subroutine)

A

sequence of program instructions that perform a specific task

55
Q

Package

A

built from source with one of the available package management systems

56
Q

Non-schema objects

A

users, roles, contexts, directory objects

57
Q

Equals

A

Topology is equal

58
Q

Disjoint

A

No points are in common

59
Q

Intersects

A

Some common interior points

60
Q

Touches

A

at least one boundary point in common but no interior points

61
Q

Contains

A

Feature 2 is within Feature 1

62
Q

Covers

A

Every point of Feature 2 is a point of Feature 1

63
Q

Covered By

A

every point of feature 1 is a point of feature 2

64
Q

Within

A

feature 1 is within feature 2

65
Q

Crosses

A

Feature 1 crosses feature 2 at some point

66
Q

Overlaps

A

Both features have no common interior points

67
Q

Desktop

A

individual user on a computer, make maps, data analysis, data creation

68
Q

Server

A

bring GIS into the hands of everyone in organization, allows access to web GIS, control of GIS data on your own infrastructure, control over how GIS platform is deployed, maintained, secured and used

69
Q

Hosted (cloud)

A

ability to discover, use, make, and share maps with any device anywhere, anytime - access other users maps and data - connect more people outside of the organization and share the latest maps, data and ideas

70
Q

Enterprise GIS

A

integrated through entire organization so that a large number of users can manage, share, and use spatial data and related information to address a variety of needs, including data creation, modification, visualization, analysis, dissemination

*can use hosted(cloud) and server but if data is not stored in cloud and only accessed, then it’s not an enterprise GIS

71
Q

System Infrastructure

A

hardware, software and communication network - required information products and spatial and non-spatial data resources - essential spatial analysis, display, and reporting functions, needed data management resources, anticipated number of end users within the department

72
Q

Vector

A

coordinate based data model that represents points, lines, polygons - point represented by a coordinate pair, lines and polygons have an ordered list of vertices - attributes associated with each feature

73
Q

Raster

A

defines space as an array of equally sized cells in rows and columns - single or multiple bands - each cell has 1 attribute value - raster coordinates are stored by ordering the matrix

74
Q

Grid

A

parallel and perpendicular lines for reference as a map projection or coordinate system

75
Q

TIN

A

Triangulated Irregular Network - portions vector data into contiguous, nonoverlapping triangles - create Delaunay triangles

76
Q

Advantages of TIN

A

small areas with high precision elevation data - more efficient storage than DEM or contour lines

77
Q

Disadvantages of TIN

A

requires very accurate data source and costs are expensive, TIN production and use are very computer intensive

78
Q

Topological

A

features need to be connected using specific rules

79
Q

Hierarchial

A

database that stores related information in a tree-like structure - records can be traced to parent records to a root record

80
Q

Network

A

collection of topologically connected networks elements (edges, junctions, turns) - each element is associated with a collection of network attributes

81
Q

Object Oriented

A

data management structure stores data as objects (classes) instead of rows and tables as a relational database

GISP (6 decks)

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