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AU17: Perio > Gingival Diseases > Flashcards

Gingival Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What types of bacteria can cause desquamative gingivitis?

A
  1. Gonorrhea
  2. Pallidum
  3. Strep
  4. Myco chelonae
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2
Q

What is desquamative gingivitis?

A

Gingival lesions not caused by plaque accumulation

Could be bacterial, viral, fungal, genetic, systemic, traumatic

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3
Q

How do bacterial gingival lesions present clinically?

A
  1. Ulceration
  2. Chancres
  3. Mucous patches
  4. Atypical non-ulcerated, highly inflamed gingivitis
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4
Q

What are the two most common viral origins for gingivitis?

A
  1. Herpes simplex 1

2. Varicella-zoster virus

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5
Q

Where does the herpes virus stay latent?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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6
Q

T/F: Viral gingivitis can be associated with Necrotizing Ulcerative Diseases.

A

True

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7
Q

What is herpes labialis?

A

Secondary herpes infection

Seen at vermilion border

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8
Q

Where are ulcers normally seen during recurrent hermetic infections?

A

Localized in attached gingiva and hard palate

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9
Q

If sampling is needed for viral lesions, aspiration from the ________ is the best way.

A

Vesicle

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10
Q

T/F: Histopathology is a good method for diagnosing herpes gingival lesions.

A

FALSE

Possible could use antibodies instead

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11
Q

What percentage of individuals with primary herpes infection will have recurrent infection?

A

20-40%

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12
Q

What is the treatment for herpes infection?

A

Plaque removal and antivirals

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13
Q

Where are ulcers usually seen in virocella-zoster infections?

A

Tongue, palatal, and gingival

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14
Q

T/F: In a varicella infection, the oral lesion is normally unilateral.

A

True

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15
Q

What viral infection is often associated with paresthesia?

A

Varicella

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16
Q

If patient has what looks like varicella lesion on left side of oral cavity, where would you expect there to be a skin lesion?

A

Right side of skin

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17
Q

What are the three main lesions that can lead to fungal infections?

A
  1. Candidosis
  2. Linear gingival erythema
  3. Histoplasmosis
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18
Q

What is the main candida species seen in the oral cavity?

A

C. Albicans

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19
Q

T/F: Healthy adults can be carriers for C. Albicans.

A

True

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20
Q

T/F: C. Albicans is often seen in subgingival flora of patients with severe periodontitis.

A

True

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21
Q

T/F: Candidosis can have red or white lesions.

A

True

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22
Q

What are some risk factors for candidosis?

A
  1. Long term antibiotics
  2. Pregnancy and contraceptives
  3. Diabetics
  4. Radiation/chemo
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23
Q

What medium is used to culture candidosis?

A

Nickerson medium at room temperature

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24
Q

Which type of gingival fungal infection will have a distinct erythematous band limited to the free gingiva?

A

Linear gingival erythema

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25
Q

Although it presents with red puffy free gingiva, what differentiates linear gingival erythema from normal plaque induced gingivitis?

A

It will not bleed

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26
Q

Linear gingival erythema is seen mostly in ______ patients.

A

HIV

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27
Q

___________ is a granulomatous disease caused by histoplasma capsulatum.

A

Histoplasmosis

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28
Q

What is a strong indicator of a histoplasmosis caused gingival lesion?

A

Immunocompromised patient or pulmonary problems

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29
Q

T/F: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis can interfere with or prevent tooth eruption.

A

True

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30
Q

What is the possible mechanism for hereditary gingival fibromatosis?

A

TGF-beta1 favor accumulation of ECM

Located on chromosome 2

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31
Q

What is the treatment for hereditary gingival fibromatosis?

A

Needs surgeries every year or so to remove gingiva

32
Q

What are the most common types of oral allergic reactions?

A

Type IV or Type I

33
Q

What is the difference between type I and type IV reactions?

A

Type I = immediate; IgE mediated

Type IV = delayed; T-cell mediated

34
Q

What are some common allergens in the oral cavity?

A
  1. Restorative material (type IV)
  2. Oral hygiene products
  3. Chewing gum and food
35
Q

T/F: Chemical lesions can be caused by various dental materials.

A

True

Etchant, chlorhexidine

36
Q

What will the tissue response be to physical lesions?

A

Hyperketosis, white frictional keratosis

37
Q

What is the characteristic lesion involved with lichen planus?

A

Wickham striae

38
Q

T/F: Oral involvement alone is common in lichen planus.

A

True

39
Q

T/F: Lichen planus is common in children.

A

False

40
Q

What must be seen to diagnose lichen planus?

A

Deposits of IgM and cascade compounds in basement membrane

41
Q

What is characteristic of pemphigoid?

A

Detachment of epithelium from connective tissue

42
Q

A patient with pemphigoid will have autoantibody reactions against __________ and _________ components.

A

Hemidesmosome and lamina lucida

43
Q

What deposits are seen to diagnose pemphigoid?

A

C3, IgG

44
Q

What other area of the face can be affected by pemphigoid?

A

Eye

45
Q

What is a Nicholsky sign?

A

Rubbing of the gingiva creates bulla formation

Associated with pemphigoid

46
Q

What is a specific characteristic pemphigus vulgar is?

A

Formation of intraepithelial bullae in skin and mucous membranes

Also called Acantholysis

47
Q

Two big terms involved with pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  1. Intraepithelial bullae

2. Acantholysis

48
Q

What genetic background is most susceptible to pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Jewish/Mediterranean

49
Q

What disease presents with swollen lips and extensive crust formation at the vermillion border?

A

Erythema multiforme

50
Q

T/F: There is oral involvement in as much as 25-60% of erythema multiforme cases.

A

True

51
Q

Erythema multiforme can be associated with ____________ and ___________.

A

Herpes; various drugs

52
Q

What do the skin lesions associated with lupus erythematosus look like?

A

Butterfly lesions on the nose

53
Q

What will be associated with the oral lesion in lupus erythematosus?

A

White striae with periphery of telangiectasia

Dilation of blood vessels

54
Q

Increased ________ of the basement membrane is associated with lupus erythematosus.

A

Width

55
Q

Which gastro-intestinal disease can cause mucosal problems in the mouth?

A

Crohn’s disease

56
Q

Which hematological disorder will cause swelling, ulceration, petechia and erythema of the gingiva?

A

Leukemia

57
Q

T/F: Periodontal tumors and cysts may have appearance of gingivitis/periodontitis.

A

True

58
Q

List the various reactive processes of the periodontal soft tissues.

A
  1. Fibroma/focal fibrous hyperplasia
  2. Calcified fibroblasts granuloma
  3. Pyogenic granuloma
  4. Peripheral giant cell granuloma
59
Q

List the reactive processes of the hard tissues.

A
  1. Periapical cemental dysplasia

Looks like periapical lesion but tooth is vital and asymptomatic

60
Q

List the benign neoplasms of the soft tissues.

A
  1. Hamangioma
  2. Nevus
  3. Papilloma
  4. Verruca vulgaris
  5. Peripheral odontogenic tumors
61
Q

Hamngiomas are _____________ but may bleed.

A

Asymptomatic

62
Q

Where is a nevus normally seen?

A

Palate

63
Q

A _________ can be mistaken for an amalgam tattoo.

A

Nevus

64
Q

Where are peripheral odontogenic tumors normally found?

A

In soft tissue around unerupted teeth

65
Q

List the benign neoplasms of hard tissues.

A
  1. Ameloblastoma
  2. Squamous odontogenic tumor
  3. Benign cementoblastoma
66
Q

Where is an ameloblastoma derived from?

A

Odontogenic epithelium

67
Q

Where is a squamous odontogenic tumor derived from?

A

PDL, possibly rests of Malassez

Often on lateral root surface

68
Q

List the malignant neoplasms of soft tissues.

A
  1. Squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Metastasis to the gingiva
  3. Kaposi’s sarcoma
  4. Malignant lymphoma
69
Q

Where are common spots for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Mandible and posterior to premolars

70
Q

T/F: Regional lymph node metastasis is common with SCC.

A

True

71
Q

T/F: Most metastasis cases are carcinoma and not sarcoma.

A

True

72
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma is more prevalent in _______ patients.

A

AIDS

73
Q

List the malignant neoplasms of the hard tissues.

A
  1. Osteosarcoma

2. Langerhans cell disease

74
Q

Widening of the _______ is common with osteosarcoma.

A

PDL space

75
Q

What is the difference between a tumor and a cyst?

A

Tumor: filled with growing cells

Cyst: covered in epithelium and filled with fluid

76
Q

What are the five types of cysts seen in the periodontium?

A
  1. Gingival
  2. Lateral periodontal
  3. Inflammatory periodontal
  4. Odontogenic keratocyst
  5. Radicular

AU17: Perio (15 decks)

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