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DD unit II > Gill lecture 1 > Flashcards

Gill lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Many virulent proteins associated with G pos bacteriaa are associated with virulence.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What does lipid A make?

A

Endotoxin

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3
Q

What lab tests looks for o-side chains in G neg bacteria?

A

Serotyping

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4
Q

What is the significance of porins on G neg bacteria?

A

They are susceptible to certain drugs that can go through this pore that will not affect G pos bacteria (no pore).

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5
Q

T or F: Gram pos bacteria make endotoxin.

A

False. Gram neg only

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6
Q

What are the gram + rod genuses that we need to know?

A

Clostridium

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7
Q

What are the Gram + cocci genuses that we need to know?

A

Staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus

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8
Q

T or F: Up to 30% of people care staphylococcus aureus in our noses.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Where does staphylococcus like to hang out?

A

Anterior nare and perineum

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10
Q

T or F: Different strains of staph have varying amounts of virulence.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What are the most common diseases can staph cause?

A

Cutaneous (localized abscess/boil), toxogenic infections (food poisoning), pneumonia (high mortality)

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12
Q

What drugs are staph resistant to?

A

Penicillin, methicillin, emerging vancomycin

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13
Q

What does staph use to adhere to tissue?

A

Fibronectin-binding protein

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14
Q

What toxin does staph aureus produce?

A

Alpha-toxin - damages tissues and interferes with phagocytosis.

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15
Q

What does staph use to impair phagocytosis?

A

Coagulase and fibrinogen (wall off the cell from pathogens), protein A (bind antibody backwards to surface of cell)

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16
Q

T or F: Staph infections are often associated with foreign bodies (splinter, suture, piercing).

A

TRUE

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17
Q

What is scalded skin syndrome?

A

Caused by staph aureus secreted toxin (serine protease) that cleaves desmosomes and results in desquamation. Systemic in infants and more localized in adults.

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18
Q

T or F: Scalded skin syndrome is cause by hot water burns.

A

False. Caused by staph aureus desquamation

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19
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome?

A

Caused by staph aureus. Local release of toxin (superantigen) that results in system effects. High fever, shock, vomiting, muscle pain, finally resulting in renal and hepatic injury

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20
Q

What two things must be fulfilled to get toxic shock syndrome?

A

The right strain (with TSST gene) and right environment (oxygen, neutral pH, high protein)

21
Q

What is a superantigen?

A

An antigen that is so potent it can cause non-specific activation of T cells. Results in toxic shock syndrome in staph aureus infection.

22
Q

T or F: Staph epidermidis produces coagulase.

A

False.

23
Q

T or F: Staph epidermidis produces slime.

A

True. Allow biofilm formation

24
Q

T or F: The big problem with Staph epidermidis is that it binds to foreign bodies (heart valves, prostheses).

A

TRUE

25
Q

What is the importance of biofilms in S. epidermidis?

A

Protects them from antibiotics

26
Q

T or F: Streptococcus pneumonia produces coagulase.

A

FALSE

27
Q

T or F: Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia.

A

TRUE

28
Q

How does strep pneumonia evade host defenses?

A

Antiphagocytic capsule (91 antigenic types)

29
Q

How does your immune system fight strep pneumonia?

A

Make antibody to strep capsule

30
Q

T or F: Strep pneumonia part of normal flora in up to 40% of the population.

A

TRUE

31
Q

What are the predisposing factors for pneumonia infection?

A

Being young or old, alcoholism (interferes with mucociliary action in lungs), respiratory viral infection

32
Q

Why do the young struggling with pneumococcal disease?

A

Young children are not good at mounting an immune response to polysaccaride antigens.

33
Q

What are the invasive forms of pneumococcal bacteria?

A

Menigitis and bacteremia

34
Q

T or F: The pneumonia vaccine always protects against pneumonia.

A

False. Protects against the invasive form of strep.

35
Q

If young children can?t make vaccines to polysaccharide, how can we make a vaccine to strep for them?

A

We conjugate the polysaccharide to protein.

36
Q

How many serotypes are in the strep vaccine for adults? children?

A

23; 7 and 13.

37
Q

T or F: You should not find enterococci in an healthy adult.

A

False. Pretty much everyone has them in their intestines.

38
Q

Where are the most common sites of infection for enteroccocus?

A

Urinary tract, surgical wound, biliary tract.

39
Q

T or F: Enterococci are very easy to kill with antibiotic.

A

False. Tend to be very antibiotic resistance.

40
Q

T or F: Enterococci are common culprits in nosocomial infections.

A

TRUE

41
Q

T or F: Most Gram pos rods are a staph.

A

False. Most are clostridium

42
Q

T or F: Clostridia can form spores.

A

TRUE

43
Q

T or F: Clostridia are aerobes.

A

False. Strick anaerobes

44
Q

What are the major diseases caused by clostridium?

A

Tetanus, botulism, gangrene, other tissue infections

45
Q

Which form of clostridium is typically seen in the hospital?

A

C. difficile

46
Q

T or F: C. difficile is found in the gut of up to 10% of the population.

A

TRUE

47
Q

T or F: C. diff spores can be killed with alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

A

False.

48
Q

T or F: C. diff is very antibiotics.

A

TRUE

DD unit II (8 decks)

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