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APUSH > Gilded Age Unit > Flashcards

Gilded Age Unit Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

NA leaders

A 
Sitting bull (killed during arrest at ghost dance) and crazy horse: second Sioux war, destroyed cluster at little big horn
Chief Joseph: lead nez percé into Canada 
Geronimo: ?
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1
Q

Helen hunt Jackson

A

Wrote century of dishonor to create sympathy for the native Americans (triggered Dawes act)

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2
Q

Wounded knee/ ghost dance

A

To Drive whites from ancestral land, 200 natives killed, including sitting bull. Marked end of Indian war

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3
Q

Dawes act

A

Divided tribal lands, if they stay in the land for 25 years and adopted the habits of civilized life they can gain citizenship

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4
Q

Morrill act

A

Sale of federal land grants to maintain farm and technical colleges

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5
Q

Mining Fronteir

A

California gold rush caused gold strikes
Placer mining
Industrial cities, environmental scars
Chinese exclusion act, miners tax

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6
Q

Cow herding and it’s downfall

A

Mexican vaqueros

90% of Cows died due to overgrazing, barbed wire cold and drought

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7
Q

Farmer probs

A

Poverty from

  • northern domination in railroads and steel
  • late start of industrialization
  • poorly educated workforce
  • blacks cut off from opportunity
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8
Q

Agriculture

A

-tenants/ share cropping
-cotton value went down
-cycle of debt and poverty
-Farmers southern alliance/colored farmers alliance
Political reforms to solve problems

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9
Q

Granger laws

A

-social and educational organization for farmers
Established cooperatives: businesses owned by farmers to help costs from middlemen
-no pools
-munn v Illinois: Supreme Court rules public businesses

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10
Q

Ocala platform

A
  • direct election of us senators
  • lower tariffs
  • graduated income tax
  • new federal controlled banking system
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11
Q

Booker t. And WEB DuBois

A

Booker t: economic opportunities for blacks (National Negro business league)
DuBois: uncompensated equality

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12
Q

Civil rights cases of 1883

A

Congress could not legislate against racial discrimination by citizens

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13
Q

Populists

A
  • unlimited coinage if silver
  • graduated income tax
  • telegraph and phones owned by the gov
  • loans and storage for farmers
  • 8 hr day
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14
Q

Elections

A

-democrats= southwest
-republicans = north/ business
Democrats controlled house
Republicans controlled senate
Cleveland was the only democrat elected in this age, two non consecutive terms
Democrats= rum, Romanism and rebellion
Party loyalty + only big problem is tariffs

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15
Q

American protective association

A

Nativist society that openly prejudiced Roman Catholics

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16
Q

Halfbreeds/ stalwarts / mugwumps

A

Mugwumps: on the fence between democrats and republicans
Stalwarts: roscoe conkling
Halfbreeds: rivals of patronage, James g Blaine

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17
Q

Panics of ‘73 & ‘93 causes and effects

A

Cause: OVERSPECULATION by financiers, industry, pools, bias in freight rates, monopolies in railroads
Effects: bankruptcy, foreclosure, business failure

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18
Q

Tariffs

A

Republicans: pro tariff for business prosperity
Democrats: low tariff
McKinley tariff: raised tax in imports to 50%
Gold reserve lowered by Sherman silver purchase act, passed Wilson gordman tariff:
-moderate reduction in tariff rates
-2% income tax on incomes $2000+

19
Q

Hull house

A

Started by Jane Addams teaching english to immigrants, early childhood education, taught industry and music
Civic volunteers

20
Q

Thomas Nast

A

Cartoons exposing political problems

21
Q

Boss tweed

A

Stole $200 million from new York’s taxpayers taking large chunks of graft

22
Q

Interstate commerce act and ICC

A

ICA: first federal regulatory agency, established the ICC:
-could prosecute pools, rebates and other discriminatory practices
-anti monopoly
-railroads found it useful in curbing competition
-lost most cases
Wabash v Illinois: states couldn’t regulate interstate commerce

23
Q

Sherman silver purchase act

A

Increased coinage of silver, but not enough to satisfy farmers

24
Q

Pendleton civil service act

A

Applications for federal jobs would be based in scores of competitive examination

25
Q

Sherman antitrust act

A
  • No contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce
  • at first it was used to control labor unions
  • loosely enforced:
  • US vs EC knight ruled it could commerce, but not manufacturing
26
Q

McKinley tariff

A

raised tax in imports to 50%

Helped Cleveland win

27
Q

National labor union

A

First big union
8hr day and child labor laws
-dies with panic of ‘73

28
Q

Knights of labor

A
  • no bankers, lawyers, or liquor salesmen
  • social and economic reform
  • does with haymarket riot
29
Q

American federation of labor

A

Skilled labor
Bread and butter (hours, wages, conditions)
Most successful

30
Q

How to end/ prevent union strikes

A
  • private police/ violence
  • court injunctions
  • yellow dog contracts
  • lockouts
  • blacklists
31
Q

Great RR strike

A

Cause: cuts in wages
Effects: violence spreads to cities so gov steps in

32
Q

Hay market riot

A

Cause: push for 8 hr day and wages
Effects: knights die off with ideas that they have socialist/anarchist toes

33
Q

Homestead strike

A

Cause: cuts in wages by Carnegie and henchman frick
Effects: private police use violence to end strike

34
Q

Pullman strike

A

Cause: wages cut w/o decrease in company town costs
Effects: injunction of courts will end strike

35
Q

Pools

A

Businesses divide land and decide not to compete in that area

36
Q

Trust

A

Control stock of other companies, but do not own it (hold in trust)

37
Q

Interlocking directorates

A

the strategic purpose of tying corporations together for economic advantage for the owners

38
Q

Holding company

A

Holds another companies stock

39
Q

Horizontal/vertical integration

A

Horizontal: controls all of one part of production, refineries
Vertical: controls all aspects from raw materials to distribution

40
Q

Social darwinism

A

Survival of the fittest tied to wealth

41
Q

Gospel of wealth

A

Rich people should use wealth for public good, (libraries, schools etc)

42
Q

Inventors and inventions

A 
Thomas Edison: lightbulb, phonograph, alkaline battery
Glidden: barbed wire
Bell: telephone
Pillsbury: wheat milling
Westinghouse: electric transformer
43
Q

Railroads: transcontinental

A

Union Pacific went west from the plains while the central pacific pushed east from California through mountains.
Southern pacific: New Orleans to LA
Northern pacific: Duluth to Seattle
Santa Fe: Kansas City to LA
St. Paul to Seattle,
*great northern was the only one built without federal subsidies

44
Q

Railroads: govt funding

A

Federal loans and land grants

  • some more than x3 homestead act
  • hasty and poor construction
  • widespread gov corruption (credit mobilier)
  • controlled a lot of western states
45
Q

Transcontinental railroad scandal

A

Credit mobilier

46
Q

Time zones

A

Railroad company divided America into 4 time zones

Railroad time = standard time

APUSH (13 decks)

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