GIA Colored Stones Exam 701-747 Flashcards
What is Myanmar’s most important gem export?
ruby
Which location produces the majority of rubies that end up in mass_produced jewelry?
Mong Hsu
What is the trade term that describes a mixture of gem qualities that represents unsorted production from a particular mine?
mine run
What term describes a specific rough gemstone quality range; usually determined by color; size; clarity; and price?
grade
Where is rough from Mogok brought into Thailand?
Mae Sot
Where is rough from Mong Hsu brought into Thailand?
Mae Sai
In mining terms; the theft of a mine’s production by its workers is known as __________.
high grading
A quantity of stones; sometimes of similar size and quality; from a single mine or from many different sources is called ___________.
parcel
What is the main cutting center in Thailand?
Chantaburi
Materials cut free_size are usually __________.
large important stones
Gemstone sizes cut to fit standard mountings are known as ________.
calibrated sizes
The market sector where better_quality gemstones are used in well_finished; moderately priced jewelry is known as the _____________.
middle market
What term describes a random sample from a parcel of gemstones often used to access the parcel’s overall quality?
cut
What is the term for buying an entire parcel of gems; or a substantial part of it?
Lot price
What is the term for a premium price for selecting stones from a parcel?
pick price
Aragonite is a crystallized form of ___________.
calcium carbonate
What year did Kokichi Mikimoto begun culturing whole pearls?
1908
What industry directly contributed to the decline of the natural pearl industry?
oil
The first South Sea cultured pearl farm was founded in what country?
Australia
Saltwater whole cultured pearls grow from a ____________.
Mantle_tissue piece and a bead nucleus.
A great majority of freshwater whold cultured pearls grow from a ___________.
mantle_tissue piece only
In the early 1990’s; oysters in many important Japanese cultured pearl farming areas began to ____________.
die off massively in large numbers
The four major types of whole pearls are ______; ________; __________ and ________.
Akoya; South Sea; freshwater; Tahitian
South Sea cultured pearls are produced principally in Australia; Indonesia and the __________.
Philippines
The oyster used to grow Tahitian cultured pearls is _____________.
Pinctada margaritifera
The nacreous layer inside a pearl_bearing mollusk’s shell is called ___________.
mother_of_pearl
What country produces the most freshwater cultured pearls?
China
A number of similar cultured pearl strands bundled together is called a ___________.
hank
Seed pearls are _________.
very small natural pearls
Common name for the Pinctada fucata oyster and the natural or cultured pearls it produces.
Akoya
A crystallized form of calcium carbonate found in nacre.
Aragonite
A bead used as the core of a cultured pearl; usually made from a freshwater mussel shell.
bead nucleus
A non_nacreous natural “pearl”
Calcareous concretion
The organic “glue” in nacre that holds aragonite platelets together.
Conchiolin
A cultured pearl grown around a nucleus glued under the mantle tissue inside a mollusk’s shell.
cultured blister_pearl
A pearl formed as the result of human intervention in the formation process.
cultured pearl
The reproductive organ that produces eggs in females and sperm in males.
gonad
Describes mollusks bred in laboratory tanks and grown in protected areas rather than collected as adults in the wild.
hatchery_bred
An assembly composed of a nacre dome; filler; and a mother_of_pearl backing.
Mabe’
The organ that lines the mollusk’s shell encloses its soft body; and contains the cells that form pearl sacs and secrete nacre.
Mantle
A small square of mantle tissue cut from a donor mollusk and implanted in a host mollusk with or without a bead.
mantle_tissue piece
The nacreous layer inside a pearl_bearing mollusk’s shell.
mother_of_pearl
A natural substance produced by pearl_bearing mollusks to make pearls.
nacre
Tissue that encloses an implanted bead nucleous and mantle_tissue piece; or the piece alone; and secretes nacre to form a cultured pearl.
pearl sac
A company that prepares cultured pearls for the market.
processor
Chinese freshwater cultured pearls shaped and textured like rice grains.
rice pearls
What country produces an overwhelming majority of the world’s freshwater cultured pearls.
China
Produced by; or derived from; a living organism is called ____________.
organic
A natural material composed of masses of mineral crystals of one or more kinds is called a _________.
rock
A mineral that contains the elements silicon and oxygen is called a __________.
silicate
