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Colored Stones Exam > GIA Colored Stones Exam 401-450 > Flashcards

GIA Colored Stones Exam 401-450 Flashcards

1
Q

Artistic gem cuts that aren’t limited to specific proportions or shapes are called ____________ .

A

designer cuts

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2
Q

A wooden or metal stick that holds the preform during faceting is called a __________ .

A

dopstick

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3
Q

A device that holds the dopstick at precise angles to allow correct orientation during faceting and polishing is called a ________ .

A

faceting head

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4
Q

A free_form cut that can feature alternating curved an flat surfaces is called a __________ .

A

fantasy cut

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5
Q

The narrow section that forms the boundary between the crown and the pavilion; and functions as the gem’s setting edge id called the ______ .

A

girdle

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6
Q

The process of giving approximate shape to a gemstone or producing flat planes for polishing facets is called _____________ .

A

grinding

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7
Q

A design engraved into the surface of a gemstone is called an __________ .

A

Intaglio

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8
Q

A horizontal spinning metal disk used to grind or polish a gem’s facets is called a ____________ .

A

lap

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9
Q

A cutting style that combines brilliant_cut and step_cut facets is called a ____________ .

A

mixed cut

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10
Q

The lower part of a faceted gem below the girdle is called the ____________ .

A

pavillion

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11
Q

The final stage in gem cutting that produces the smoothest possible surface is called ___________ .

A

polishing

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12
Q

Rough ground to approximate shape of the finished stone; also; the act of producing this shape is called ___________ .

A

preform

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13
Q

The angles and relative measurements of a polished gem; and the relationships between them is called ____________ .

A

proportions

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14
Q

Dividing the gem rough into easily handled pieces and removing waste areas is called _____________ .

A

sawing

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15
Q

A cutting style with mainly square and rectangular facets arranged in concentric rows is called a ___________ .

A

step cut

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16
Q

The arrangement of a stone facets is called the __________ .

A

style

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17
Q

The precision and balance of the corresponding parts of a finished gem is called it’s __________ .

A

symmetry

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18
Q

The facet at the top of the crown; usually the largest facet on the stone is called the ___________ .

A

table facet

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19
Q

Which type of rough is usually faceted?

A

transparent

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20
Q

To retain as much weight as possible from rare; high_quality rough; cutters would most likely vary the __________ .

A

proportions

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21
Q

Translucent to opaque rough is often cut into what type of cut?

A

cabochon

22
Q

A carved design that projects slightly from a flat or curved surface is called ____________ .

A

a cameo

23
Q

Colored stones cut flat with shallow pavilions usually have areas of lower color intensity called _______ .

A

windows

24
Q

A cutter can darken the color of a pale stone by cutting a ___________ .

A

deep pavilion

25
Q

To judge brilliance; view the stone in what direction?

A

face_up

26
Q

What adds weight to a step cut?

A

excessive buldge

27
Q

Colored stones that rate “fair” for brilliance have what percentage?

A

between 25 and 40 percent brilliance

28
Q

The pattern of dark vertical lines or bands shown by certain gems when viewed through a spectroscope is called ______________ .

A

absorption spectrum

29
Q

Which element does chromium substitute for that causes ruby’s red?

A

aluminum

30
Q

A gem colored by the element that is part of its basic chemistry is called ______________ .

A

idiochromatic

31
Q

Which element causes the color of both almandite and peridot?

A

iron

32
Q

The process where electrons that selectively absorb light are passed back and forth between neighboring ions is known as ______________ .

A

intervalance charge transfer

33
Q

Which components of a transition element’s atoms can produce color in gems?

A

electrons

34
Q

Which element causes the finest reds and greens in gemstones?

A

chromium

35
Q

Which transition element causes a greater variety of gem colors than any other?

A

iron

36
Q

In many blue sapphires; the intervalence charge transfer that causes the color is between what two elements?

A

iron and titanium

37
Q

When a gem’s crystal structure splits light into two rays that each travel at a slightly different speed and direction; it’s called ____________ .

A

double refraction

38
Q

What is the only type of gem that can show pleochroism?

A

doubly refractive

39
Q

Which gem can show three pleochroic colors?

A

andalusite; kyanite; tanzanite; iolite

40
Q

What phenomenon shows a broad color flash?

A

labradorescence

41
Q

Adularescence is caused by what?

A

A scattering of light as in moonstone

42
Q

The best_known and most valuable chatoyant gem is cat’s_eye ____________ .

A

chrysoberyl

43
Q

The cloudy bluish white light in a moonstone; caused by scattering of light.

A

adularescence

44
Q

A gem colored by trace elements in its crystal structure.

A

allochromatic

45
Q

Crossing of chatoyant bands; creating a star in the dome of a cabochon.

A

asterism

46
Q

A glittery effect caused by light reflecting from small flat inclusions within a gemstone.

A

aventurescence

47
Q

A small defect in the atomic structure of a material that can absorb light and give rise to a color.

A

color center

48
Q

A special kind of interference phenomenon that breaks up white light and give rise to a color.

A

diffraction

49
Q

Emission of visible light by a material when it’s stimulated by ultraviolet light.

A

fluorescence

50
Q

A gem colored by an element that is an essential part of its chemical composition.

A

idiochromatic

Colored Stones Exam (15 decks)

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