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Pathology GI > GI2 > Flashcards

GI2 Flashcards

1
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause

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2
Q

Where is crohn’s usually located

A

terminal ileum of small bowel/proximal portion of colon

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3
Q

Which layers of the GI tract does crohn’s affect

A

All of the layers

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4
Q

What can diffuse inflammation from crohn’s cause in the bowel loops

A

It can cause the bowel loops to fuse together

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5
Q

How will crohn’s appear radiographically

A

Irregular thickened and distorted mucosal folds
STRING SIGN
Skip lesions

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6
Q

Small bowel obstruction

A

Blockage of the small intestine

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7
Q

What can be the cause of a small bowel obstruction

A

Adhesions from previous surgeries, peritonitis, hernias, intussusception, volvulus, tumors, or vascular insufficiency

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8
Q

What may be produced due to small bowel obstruction

A

Ischemia, necrosis of bowel segment, sepsis and peritonitis

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9
Q

Adynamic (Paralytic) Ileus

A

When the bowel contents do not progress normally through a non-obstructed bowel…peristalsis is not working

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10
Q

What is the treatment for adynamic paralytic ileus

A

NG tube, IV fluids

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11
Q

Localized Ileus

A

Isolated distended loop (sentinel loop)

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12
Q

Colonic Ileus

A

Excessive gasseous distention of bowel

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13
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another due to peristalsis

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14
Q

What is the most common site of intussusception in children

A

ileocecal valve

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15
Q

What is the most concerning effect of intussusception

A

Compromised vascular supply which can lead to ischemic necrosis of the bowel

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16
Q

What is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children

A

Intussusception

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17
Q

How will intussusception appear in images

A

coiled string appeaance with a contrast enema… three concentric circles on a soft tissue mass in CT/ Donut shaped lesion in Ultrasound

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18
Q

Hemangioma

A

Benign Vascular tumor

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19
Q

Where are GI Hemangiomas usually found

A

Most often in small bowel, then large, but can occur anywhere

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20
Q

What may happen if a patient has a hemangioma

A

bleeding

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21
Q

Inguinal Hernia

A

Some abdominal contents (usually small bowel) protrude through weak area in abdominal wall… at inguinal canals (by groin)

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22
Q

What may happen to a patient with an inguinal hernia

A

constriction or ischemia of the protruding part

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23
Q

Diverticulum/Divertisulosis

A

Out-pouching of mucosa and submucosa through muscular layers where the abdominal wall is weak

24
Q

What may lead to development of Diverticulum

A

Lack of fibre and water in the digestive tract

25
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Many diverticula

26
Q

What does diverticulum/osis look like on images

A

Round or oval outpouchings from bowel… sawtooth configuration

27
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Complication of diverticular disease/diverticulosis…usually in sigmoid region

28
Q

What may happen if fecal matter is trapped in a diverticulum

A

it can lead to inflammation and perforation

29
Q

How may diverticulitis appear on an image

A

Outpouching beyond lumen, contrast leaking from the diverticula, abscess of a soft tissue mass, sawtooth configuration, narrowing and rigidity of the long section of the colon with a gradual transition back to normal

30
Q

What are benign neoplasms that project into the lumen of the bowel

A

Polyps

31
Q

Are all polyps cancerous

A

no, some may even be asymptomatic

32
Q

What is a sessile polyp

A

a flat polyp; it may have an irregular or lobulated surface and lie flat against colon wall

33
Q

When is a sessile polyp indicative of cancer

A

if it is over 2cm in diameter, causes puckering/indentation/retraction at the site, or if it grows more over various exams

34
Q

What is a pedunculated polyp

A

a polyp with a stalk

35
Q

Are pedunculated polyps more likely to be benign or malignant

A

benign

36
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammatory bowel disease that often begins in rectosigmoid area…can become cancerous

37
Q

What does ulcerative colitis look like on an image

A

large nodular protrusions, mucosal thickening/thumbprint sign
lead pipe appearance from loss of haustral markings

38
Q

Toxic megacolon is a complication of what

A

Ulcerative colitis

39
Q

What is toxic megacolon

A

Extreme dilation of part or all the large colon

40
Q

What can toxic megacolon lead to

A

spontaneous bowel perforation

41
Q

What does toxic megacolon look like on an image

A

Huge air filled colon

42
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Cancer of colon and rectum

43
Q

What is the peak age for colorectal cancer

A

50-70yrs

44
Q

Annular Colorectal Carcinoma

A

Annular lesions surrounding the bowel from the outside

45
Q

What is the most common type of bowel cancer

A

Annular colorectal carcinoma

46
Q

How does Annular colorectal carcinoma start radiographically

A

from flat plaques of tumors/saddle lesions…they are easily missed on exams

47
Q

How does annular colorectal carcinoma appear in an image

A

BE will show apple-core or napkin ring effect

48
Q

What is the new gold standard for large bowel imaging

A

CT virtual colonoscopy

49
Q

Large bowel obstruction

A

Blockage of large bowel

50
Q

What are some causes of large bowel obstruction

A

diverticulitis or volvulus

51
Q

Which is more severe: Small bowel obstruction or Large bowel obstruction?

A

Small bowel obstruction

52
Q

Volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself that may lead to abdominal obstruction

53
Q

Malrotation of bowel/colon

A

Twisting of bowels… like volvulus but occurs in fetal development

54
Q

What are some symptoms of malrotation of the bowel/colon

A

abdominal distention, pain, vomiting(bilious), constipation, bloody stools

55
Q

Anal atresia

A

Imperforate anus/ congenital lack of anal opening

56
Q

How may anal atresia appear on an image

A

Multiple dilated bowel loops filled with gas….absence of rectal gas

Pathology GI (3 decks)

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