GI2

Question 1

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 1

Chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause

Question 2

Where is crohn’s usually located

Answer 2

terminal ileum of small bowel/proximal portion of colon

Question 3

Which layers of the GI tract does crohn’s affect

Answer 3

All of the layers

Question 4

What can diffuse inflammation from crohn’s cause in the bowel loops

Answer 4

It can cause the bowel loops to fuse together

Question 5

How will crohn’s appear radiographically

Answer 5

Irregular thickened and distorted mucosal folds
STRING SIGN
Skip lesions

Question 6

Small bowel obstruction

Answer 6

Blockage of the small intestine

Question 7

What can be the cause of a small bowel obstruction

Answer 7

Adhesions from previous surgeries, peritonitis, hernias, intussusception, volvulus, tumors, or vascular insufficiency

Question 8

What may be produced due to small bowel obstruction

Answer 8

Ischemia, necrosis of bowel segment, sepsis and peritonitis

Question 9

Adynamic (Paralytic) Ileus

Answer 9

When the bowel contents do not progress normally through a non-obstructed bowel…peristalsis is not working

Question 10

What is the treatment for adynamic paralytic ileus

Answer 10

NG tube, IV fluids

Question 11

Localized Ileus

Answer 11

Isolated distended loop (sentinel loop)

Question 12

Colonic Ileus

Answer 12

Excessive gasseous distention of bowel

Question 13

Intussusception

Answer 13

Telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another due to peristalsis

Question 14

What is the most common site of intussusception in children

Answer 14

ileocecal valve

Question 15

What is the most concerning effect of intussusception

Answer 15

Compromised vascular supply which can lead to ischemic necrosis of the bowel

Question 16

What is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children

Answer 16

Intussusception

Question 17

How will intussusception appear in images

Answer 17

coiled string appeaance with a contrast enema… three concentric circles on a soft tissue mass in CT/ Donut shaped lesion in Ultrasound

Question 18

Hemangioma

Answer 18

Benign Vascular tumor

Question 19

Where are GI Hemangiomas usually found

Answer 19

Most often in small bowel, then large, but can occur anywhere

Question 20

What may happen if a patient has a hemangioma

Answer 20

bleeding

Question 21

Inguinal Hernia

Answer 21

Some abdominal contents (usually small bowel) protrude through weak area in abdominal wall… at inguinal canals (by groin)

Question 22

What may happen to a patient with an inguinal hernia

Answer 22

constriction or ischemia of the protruding part

Question 23

Diverticulum/Divertisulosis

Answer 23

Out-pouching of mucosa and submucosa through muscular layers where the abdominal wall is weak

Question 24

What may lead to development of Diverticulum

Answer 24

Lack of fibre and water in the digestive tract

Question 25

Diverticulosis

Answer 25

Many diverticula

Question 26

What does diverticulum/osis look like on images

Answer 26

Round or oval outpouchings from bowel... sawtooth configuration

Question 27

Diverticulitis

Answer 27

Complication of diverticular disease/diverticulosis...usually in sigmoid region

Question 28

What may happen if fecal matter is trapped in a diverticulum

Answer 28

it can lead to inflammation and perforation

Question 29

How may diverticulitis appear on an image

Answer 29

Outpouching beyond lumen, contrast leaking from the diverticula, abscess of a soft tissue mass, sawtooth configuration, narrowing and rigidity of the long section of the colon with a gradual transition back to normal

Question 30

What are benign neoplasms that project into the lumen of the bowel

Answer 30

Polyps

Question 31

Are all polyps cancerous

Answer 31

no, some may even be asymptomatic

Question 32

What is a sessile polyp

Answer 32

a flat polyp; it may have an irregular or lobulated surface and lie flat against colon wall

Question 33

When is a sessile polyp indicative of cancer

Answer 33

if it is over 2cm in diameter, causes puckering/indentation/retraction at the site, or if it grows more over various exams

Question 34

What is a pedunculated polyp

Answer 34

a polyp with a stalk

Question 35

Are pedunculated polyps more likely to be benign or malignant

Answer 35

benign

Question 36

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 36

Inflammatory bowel disease that often begins in rectosigmoid area...can become cancerous

Question 37

What does ulcerative colitis look like on an image

Answer 37

large nodular protrusions, mucosal thickening/thumbprint sign lead pipe appearance from loss of haustral markings

Question 38

Toxic megacolon is a complication of what

Answer 38

Ulcerative colitis

Question 39

What is toxic megacolon

Answer 39

Extreme dilation of part or all the large colon

Question 40

What can toxic megacolon lead to

Answer 40

spontaneous bowel perforation

Question 41

What does toxic megacolon look like on an image

Answer 41

Huge air filled colon

Question 42

Colorectal cancer

Answer 42

Cancer of colon and rectum

Question 43

What is the peak age for colorectal cancer

Answer 43

50-70yrs

Question 44

Annular Colorectal Carcinoma

Answer 44

Annular lesions surrounding the bowel from the outside

Question 45

What is the most common type of bowel cancer

Answer 45

Annular colorectal carcinoma

Question 46

How does Annular colorectal carcinoma start radiographically

Answer 46

from flat plaques of tumors/saddle lesions...they are easily missed on exams

Question 47

How does annular colorectal carcinoma appear in an image

Answer 47

BE will show apple-core or napkin ring effect

Question 48

What is the new gold standard for large bowel imaging

Answer 48

CT virtual colonoscopy

Question 49

Large bowel obstruction

Answer 49

Blockage of large bowel

Question 50

What are some causes of large bowel obstruction

Answer 50

diverticulitis or volvulus

Question 51

Which is more severe: Small bowel obstruction or Large bowel obstruction?

Answer 51

Small bowel obstruction

Question 52

Volvulus

Answer 52

twisting of the bowel on itself that may lead to abdominal obstruction

Question 53

Malrotation of bowel/colon

Answer 53

Twisting of bowels... like volvulus but occurs in fetal development

Question 54

What are some symptoms of malrotation of the bowel/colon

Answer 54

abdominal distention, pain, vomiting(bilious), constipation, bloody stools

Question 55

Anal atresia

Answer 55

Imperforate anus/ congenital lack of anal opening

Question 56

How may anal atresia appear on an image

Answer 56

Multiple dilated bowel loops filled with gas....absence of rectal gas