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Pathology GI > GI 1 > Flashcards

GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

A

Communication between the trachea and esophagus (that is not usually there)
Can be Congenital/Acquired
Often lead to severe/fatal pulmonary complications

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2
Q

How does Tracheoesophageal Fistula appear on radiographic image

A

Contrast media will show contrast outlining areas of communication

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3
Q

Esophageal Atresia

A

Congenital: Failure of esophagus to develop as a continuous passage. Ends in a pouch.

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4
Q

Does Esophageal Atresia require surgery?

A

Yes, immediately otherwise the patient will starve to death

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5
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of esophageal atresia

A

Contrast will show the esophagus end abruptly

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6
Q

What is GERD short for

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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7
Q

What is GERD pathologically

A

A broad term for any type of reflux of stomach content…stomach acid entering esophagus

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8
Q

What often happens along with GERD

A

Haital hernia, reflux esophagitis, superficial ulcerations, burning chest pain

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9
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of GERD

A

(Using barium study): The barium will re-enter the esophagus/streaks or dots of barium will remain indicating erosions/ulcerations

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10
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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11
Q

Radiographic appearance of Dysphagia

A

STRUCTURAL abnormalities/masses. Barium cannot be swallowed as per norm

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12
Q

What is the most common site of Esophageal Carcinoma

A

Esophagogastric junction

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13
Q

What is typically seen progressively with esophageal carcinoma

A

progressive dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

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14
Q

What is strongly correlated (as a cause) to esophageal carcinoma

A

Alcohol and smoking

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15
Q

How will esophageal carcinoma appear on an image

A

Flat, plaque-like lesions with central ulceration
Irregularity in esophageal wall
Constriction
Thickening of lumen

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16
Q

Zenker’s Diverticulum

A

Small bulging pouches in the lining of the digestive system

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17
Q

Why may zenker’s diverticulum develop

A

Posterior outpouching may occur de to the circopharyngeal muscle in the hypopharynx doesn’t work properly.

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18
Q

What is the major danger in a patient with Zenker’s Diverticulum

A

Aspiration

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19
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

Dilated veins in the wall of the esophagus

20
Q

What is the most common cause of Esophageal Varices

A

Portal Hypertension

21
Q

What is a notable feature radiographically of esophageal varices

A

Serpiginous (wavy border)/thickening of folds…seen as round or oval filling defects

22
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Part of the stomach protrudes through diaphragm

23
Q

What is the most common pathology seen on GI exams

A

Hiatal Hernia

24
Q

Is a Hiatal Hernia always symptomatic

A

No, it can slide and sometimes return to normal position as well as produce minimal or no symptoms

25
Q

What is a term applied to a variety of birth defects that involve abnormal development of the diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic Hernia (Congenital)

26
Q

What is a Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

Malformation of the diaphragm which allows abdominal content into the chest which then impedes proper development

27
Q

When might abdominal organs prolapse into the thoracic cavity

A

Then there is an ACQUIRED Diaphragmatic Hernia… usually from trauma

28
Q

Achalasia

A

Functional obstruction of the distal esophagus

29
Q

How will Achalasia look on image

A

Progressively dilated esophagus with a narrowing distally

30
Q

How do foreign bodies get introduced into the GI tract

A

Aspiration, Ingestion, Penetrated

31
Q

Do you always have to remove a foreign body surgically

A

No, sometimes they will pass themselves

32
Q

Do you always retrieve foreign bodies through the mouth

A

No, depending on position it can be rectally or surgically as well

33
Q

What is most common cause of a perforated esophagus

A

Severe vomiting or coughing

34
Q

What does a perforated esophagus look like on an image

A

Free air in mediastinum or periesophageal soft tissues…Lucent line if there is an intra mural dissection

35
Q

Situs Inversus

A

Body organs on opposite side from normal

36
Q

Pyloric Stenosis

A

Occurs when two muscular layers of the pylorus become hyperplastic/hypertrophic (constricting the passageway)

37
Q

What are radiographic indications of pyloric stenosis

A

Filling defect, Mushroom sign

38
Q

Peptic

A

Pertains to digestion and acid

39
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

Ulcers within the stomach and duodenum. The most common cause of upper GI bleeding

40
Q

Duodenal Ulcers

A

Most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease

41
Q

Where are most Duodenal ulcers located

A

Duodenal bulb

42
Q

Gastric Ulcers are usually where

A

In the lesser curvature

43
Q

What percentage of Gastric Ulcers are malignant

A

5%

44
Q

How does a gastric ulcer present on an image

A

A collection of contrast may stay in them, or erosions are small that show as a dot with a halo

45
Q

Carcinoma of the Stomach

A

Stomach cancer

46
Q

What type of carcinoma is usually in the stomach

A

adenocarcinomas

47
Q

How may stomach carcinoma present on an image

A

Uneven stomach contours, narrowing, polypoid masses indenting the stomach, irregularity/ulceration

Pathology GI (3 decks)

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