GI 1

Question 1

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Answer 1

Communication between the trachea and esophagus (that is not usually there)
Can be Congenital/Acquired
Often lead to severe/fatal pulmonary complications

Question 2

How does Tracheoesophageal Fistula appear on radiographic image

Answer 2

Contrast media will show contrast outlining areas of communication

Question 3

Esophageal Atresia

Answer 3

Congenital: Failure of esophagus to develop as a continuous passage. Ends in a pouch.

Question 4

Does Esophageal Atresia require surgery?

Answer 4

Yes, immediately otherwise the patient will starve to death

Question 5

What is the radiographic appearance of esophageal atresia

Answer 5

Contrast will show the esophagus end abruptly

Question 6

What is GERD short for

Answer 6

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Question 7

What is GERD pathologically

Answer 7

A broad term for any type of reflux of stomach content…stomach acid entering esophagus

Question 8

What often happens along with GERD

Answer 8

Haital hernia, reflux esophagitis, superficial ulcerations, burning chest pain

Question 9

What is the radiographic appearance of GERD

Answer 9

(Using barium study): The barium will re-enter the esophagus/streaks or dots of barium will remain indicating erosions/ulcerations

Question 10

Dysphagia

Answer 10

Difficulty swallowing

Question 11

Radiographic appearance of Dysphagia

Answer 11

STRUCTURAL abnormalities/masses. Barium cannot be swallowed as per norm

Question 12

What is the most common site of Esophageal Carcinoma

Answer 12

Esophagogastric junction

Question 13

What is typically seen progressively with esophageal carcinoma

Answer 13

progressive dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Question 14

What is strongly correlated (as a cause) to esophageal carcinoma

Answer 14

Alcohol and smoking

Question 15

How will esophageal carcinoma appear on an image

Answer 15

Flat, plaque-like lesions with central ulceration
Irregularity in esophageal wall
Constriction
Thickening of lumen

Question 16

Zenker’s Diverticulum

Answer 16

Small bulging pouches in the lining of the digestive system

Question 17

Why may zenker’s diverticulum develop

Answer 17

Posterior outpouching may occur de to the circopharyngeal muscle in the hypopharynx doesn’t work properly.

Question 18

What is the major danger in a patient with Zenker’s Diverticulum

Answer 18

Aspiration

Question 19

Esophageal Varices

Answer 19

Dilated veins in the wall of the esophagus

Question 20

What is the most common cause of Esophageal Varices

Answer 20

Portal Hypertension

Question 21

What is a notable feature radiographically of esophageal varices

Answer 21

Serpiginous (wavy border)/thickening of folds…seen as round or oval filling defects

Question 22

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 22

Part of the stomach protrudes through diaphragm

Question 23

What is the most common pathology seen on GI exams

Answer 23

Hiatal Hernia

Question 24

Is a Hiatal Hernia always symptomatic

Answer 24

No, it can slide and sometimes return to normal position as well as produce minimal or no symptoms

Question 25

What is a term applied to a variety of birth defects that involve abnormal development of the diaphragm

Answer 25

Diaphragmatic Hernia (Congenital)

Question 26

What is a Diaphragmatic Hernia

Answer 26

Malformation of the diaphragm which allows abdominal content into the chest which then impedes proper development

Question 27

When might abdominal organs prolapse into the thoracic cavity

Answer 27

Then there is an ACQUIRED Diaphragmatic Hernia... usually from trauma

Question 28

Achalasia

Answer 28

Functional obstruction of the distal esophagus

Question 29

How will Achalasia look on image

Answer 29

Progressively dilated esophagus with a narrowing distally

Question 30

How do foreign bodies get introduced into the GI tract

Answer 30

Aspiration, Ingestion, Penetrated

Question 31

Do you always have to remove a foreign body surgically

Answer 31

No, sometimes they will pass themselves

Question 32

Do you always retrieve foreign bodies through the mouth

Answer 32

No, depending on position it can be rectally or surgically as well

Question 33

What is most common cause of a perforated esophagus

Answer 33

Severe vomiting or coughing

Question 34

What does a perforated esophagus look like on an image

Answer 34

Free air in mediastinum or periesophageal soft tissues...Lucent line if there is an intra mural dissection

Question 35

Situs Inversus

Answer 35

Body organs on opposite side from normal

Question 36

Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 36

Occurs when two muscular layers of the pylorus become hyperplastic/hypertrophic (constricting the passageway)

Question 37

What are radiographic indications of pyloric stenosis

Answer 37

Filling defect, Mushroom sign

Question 38

Peptic

Answer 38

Pertains to digestion and acid

Question 39

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Answer 39

Ulcers within the stomach and duodenum. The most common cause of upper GI bleeding

Question 40

Duodenal Ulcers

Answer 40

Most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease

Question 41

Where are most Duodenal ulcers located

Answer 41

Duodenal bulb

Question 42

Gastric Ulcers are usually where

Answer 42

In the lesser curvature

Question 43

What percentage of Gastric Ulcers are malignant

Answer 43

5%

Question 44

How does a gastric ulcer present on an image

Answer 44

A collection of contrast may stay in them, or erosions are small that show as a dot with a halo

Question 45

Carcinoma of the Stomach

Answer 45

Stomach cancer

Question 46

What type of carcinoma is usually in the stomach

Answer 46

adenocarcinomas

Question 47

How may stomach carcinoma present on an image

Answer 47

Uneven stomach contours, narrowing, polypoid masses indenting the stomach, irregularity/ulceration