Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > GI - Why might my patient be jaundiced? > Flashcards

GI - Why might my patient be jaundiced? Flashcards

1
Q

The Portal Triad consists of:

A

Hepatic Artery
Hepatic Portal Vein
Common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The portal triad is found in the..

A

…FREE EDGE of the LESSER OMENTUM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bilirubin is a product of the breakdown of..

A

… red blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The breakdown of red blood cells usually occurs in:

A

The spleen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bilirubin is used to form:

A

Bile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The formation of bile, from bilirubin, occurs in the:

A

Liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bile is stored and concentrated in the:

A

Gallbladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The pancreas excretes digestive enzymes into the:

A

2nd part of the duodenum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 branches trifurcate from the celiac trunk?

A

Splenic artery
Hepatic artery
Left gastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The spleen is protected by which ribs?

A

Ribs 9-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the liver’s blood supply come from?

A

The hepatic artery
(Branches into right and left hepatic arteries)
Plus Hepatic Portal Vein!
(most of blood supplied by hepatic portal vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which ribs protect the liver?

A

Ribs 7-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 anatomical segments of the liver?

A

Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What supplies each functional segment (e.g. V) of the liver with blood?

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic (bile) duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following supplies the liver segments with blood?
Hepatic Vein
Hepatic Portal Vein

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following drains blood from the liver segments?
Hepatic Vein
Hepatic Portal Vein

A

Hepatic Vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Liver lobules contain:

A

A central vein in middle and an interlobular portal triad at each corner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the “central vein” in a liver lobule do?

A

Collects “cleaned” blood and drains it into the hepatic veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a hepatocyte?

A

A liver cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the bile that is formed in hepatocytes drain to (within the liver lobule)?

A

The bilary duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 2 areas of the peritoneal cavity are clinically related to the liver?

A 
Hepatorenal recess (Morison's pouch)
Sub-phrenic recess

(These are both within the greater sac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does peritonitis lead to an abscess formation?

A

Peritonitis can result in a collection of pus in the recesses (hepatorenal and sub-phrenic), leading to an abscess formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When may a hepatorenal recess abscess be likely to form.?

A

When the patient is bedridden.
When the patient is supine.
(Because the Hepatorenal recess is one of the lowest parts of the peritoneal cavity when the patient is supine).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein drain blood from.

A

The foregut, midgut and hindgut. (To the liver, for cleaning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The splenic vein drains blood from the _______ to the _______.

A

The splenic vein drains blood from the foregut to the hepatic portal vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein drains blood from the ______ to the _________.

A

The inferior mesenteric vein drains blood from the hindgut to the splenic vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The superior mesenteric vein drains blood from the ______ to the _________.

A

The superior mesenteric vein drains blood from the midgut to the hepatic portal vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The inferior vena cava drains _____ blood from the _________ into the _____________.

A

The inferior vena cava drains cleaned blood from the hepatic veins into the right atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What ligaments attach the liver to the diaphragm?

A

Coronary ligaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Falciform Ligament.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the roll of the gallbladder (in relation to bile)? And when does this occur?

A

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile.

In between meals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The neck of the gallbladder narrows and becomes the…

A

Cystic duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The blood supply to the gallbladder is via..

A

The Cystic Artery.

34
Q

Which one of the following is the gallbladder?
Foregut Organ
Midgut Organ
Hindgut Organ

A

The gallbladder is a foregut organ.

35
Q

Early gallbladder pain presents in what region?

A

The epigastric region.

36
Q

Why would gallbladder pain be referred to the right shoulder?

A

As a result of anterior diaphragmatic irritation.

37
Q

What is a cholecystectomy?

A

The surgical removal of the gallbladder.

38
Q

The right and left hepatic ducts unite to form:

A

Common hepatic duct.

39
Q

The Common Hepatic Duct and the Cystic duct unite to form the:

A

Bile Duct

40
Q

What two ducts unite to form the common bile duct?

A

Common hepatic duct and cystic duct.

41
Q

What two ducts unite to form the Common Hepatic Duct?

A

Right and left hepatic ducts.

42
Q

What ducts drains into the second part of the duodenum?

A

Bile duct

Main pancreatic duct

43
Q

The bile duct joins with the main pancreatic duct to form..

A

The ampulla of Vater.

44
Q

Bile duct and main pancreatic duct both drain into the ____ through the ________.

A

Second part of the duodenum.

Through the major duodenal papilla.

45
Q

What is the name of the investigation used to study the bilary tree and pancreas?

A

ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

46
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

An increase in the blood levels of bilirubin

47
Q

Name two obstructions of the biliary tree

A

Gallstones

Carcinoma at head of pancreas

48
Q

What pancreatic branch braches from the gastroduodenal artery?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal

49
Q

What pancreatic branch braches from the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal

50
Q

How can blockage of the ampulla by a gallstone cause pancreatitis?

A

The ampulla is blocked by a gallstone.
Bile is then diverted into the pancreas.
This leads to irritation and inflammation of the pancreas.

51
Q

Where does pain from the pancreas present?

A

In the epigastric region and/or umbilical region.

52
Q

The small intestines consist of:

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

53
Q

What part(s) of the duodenum are foregut organs?

A

The 1st and 2nd parts.

54
Q

Name the four parts of the duodenum.

A

Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

55
Q

Which part of the duodenum is partly intraperitoneal?

A

The Superior part

56
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter control the flow of?

A

The pyloric sphincter controlls the flow of chyme from stomach to duodenum.

57
Q

Pain from duodenal ulcer tends ti present in which region?

A

Te epigastric region.

58
Q

What flexure does the jejunum begin at?

A

THe duodenaljejunal felxure

59
Q

Which junction does the ileum end at?

A

Ileocaecal junction.

60
Q

What ends at the ileocaecal junction?

A

The ileum.

61
Q

What is the mucosa of the jejunum like?

A

Highly folded.

62
Q

The folds in the mucosa of the jejunum are called..

A

Plicae circularis.

63
Q

The jejunum and ileum are supplied with arterial blood from the…

A

Superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries.

64
Q

The jejunum and ileum are drained from the _____ and _______ veins, to the _____ vein and the _______ vein.

A

The jejunum and ileum are drained from the jejunal and ileal veins, to the superior mesenteric vein and the hepatic portal vein.

65
Q

Where are proteins that are absorbed from the small intestines into the portal venous system taken to?

A

The liver.

66
Q

Bile helps the absorption of fats from the GI tract lumen into what cells?

A

Intestinal cells.

67
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Specialised lymphatic vessels of the small intestine.

Fat (with chilomicrons) is absorbed from intestinal cells into lacteals,

68
Q

The main groups of lymph nodes draining abdominal organs are:

A

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric
Lumbar

69
Q

Which abdominal organs drain to the celiac lymph nodes?

A

Foregut organs

70
Q

Which group of lymph nodes do foregut organs drain to?

A

Celiac.

71
Q

Which group of lymph nodes do midgut organs drain to?

A

Superior mesenteric

72
Q

Which group of lymph nodes do hindgut organs drain to?

A

Inferior mesenteric

73
Q

Which abdominal organs drain to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes?

A

Midgut organs.

74
Q

Which abdominal organs drain to the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes?

A

Hindgut organs.

75
Q

Which abdominal organs drain to the lumbar lymph nodes?

A

Kidneys
Posterior abdominal wall
Pelvis
Lower limbs

76
Q

Which group of lymph nodes do the kidneys drain to?

A

Lumbar

77
Q

Which group of lymph nodes does the pelvis drain to?

A

Lumbar

78
Q

Which group of lymph nodes does the posterior abdominal wall drain to?

A

Lumbar

79
Q

Which group of lymph nodes do the lower limbs drain to?

A

Lumbar

80
Q

Which duct will the lymph from 3/4 of the body drain to?

A

The thoracic duct.

81
Q

Which duct will the lymph from 1/4 of the body drain to?

A

The right lymphatic duct.

82
Q

Where does the duodenal cap lie in the duodenum?

A

Superior part.

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions