GI - Upper GI

Question 1

Name the three pairs of “closing” muscles in the jaw:

Answer 1

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid

Question 2

Name the one pair of “opening” muscles in the jaw:

Answer 2

Lateral Pterygoid

Question 3

Is the medial pterygoid muscle in the jaw an opening or closing muscle?

Answer 3

Closing.

Question 4

Is the lateral pterygoid muscle in the jaw an opening or closing muscle?

Answer 4

Opening.

Question 5

What nerve supplies all four of the opening and closing jaw muscles?

Answer 5

CN V3

Question 6

In the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, the nerve supply (both general and special sensory) comes from:

Answer 6

CN IX

Question 7

In the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, the general and special sensory nerve supplies are different. Which cranial nerve supplies the special sensory?

Answer 7

CN VII

Question 8

In the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, the general and special sensory nerve supplies are different. Which cranial nerve supplies general sensory?

Answer 8

CN IX

Question 9

The cranial nerve that supplies the general sensation of the superior half of the oral cavity is:

Answer 9

CN V2

Question 10

The cranial nerve that supplies the general sensation of the inferior half of the oral cavity is:

Answer 10

CN V3

Question 11

The sensory part of the “gag reflex” is carried out by nerve fibres within which cranial nerve(s)?

Answer 11

CN IX

Question 12

The motor part of the “gag reflex” is carried out by nerve fibres within which cranial nerve(s)?

Answer 12

CN IX and CN X

Question 13

Spraying a local anaesthetic to the pharynx will ‘block’ sensory action potentials in which cranial nerves?

Answer 13

CN V2, CN V3, CN VII and CN IX

Question 14

What are the three pairs of salivary glands called?

Answer 14

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 15

Where does the parotid gland empty?

Answer 15

Opposite the second molar

Question 16

Where is the submandibular duct?

Answer 16

Under the tongue.

Question 17

Name the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Answer 17

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

Question 18

All muscles of the tongue (intrinsic and extrinsic - apart from palatoglossus muscle) are supplied by which nerve?

Answer 18

CN XII (Hypogloassal)

Question 19

What is the only muscle supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 19

Stylopharyngeus

Question 20

What is the name of the upper oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 20

Cricopharyngeus

Question 21

At what vertebral level does the pharynx become the oesophagus?

Answer 21

C6

Question 22

The inner layer of longitudinal muscles is supplied mainly by…

Answer 22

CN X and IX

Question 23

What effect do parasympathetics have on peristalsis?

Answer 23

Speed up peristalsis.

Question 24

What effect do sympathetics have on peristalsis?

Answer 24

Slow down peristalsis.

Question 25

Name the anatomical sphincter of the oesophagus.

Answer 25

Cricopharyngeus.

Question 26

Is the upper sphincter of the oesophagus anatomical or physiological?

Answer 26

Anatomical.

Question 27

Is the lower sphincter of the oesophagus anatomical or physiological?

Answer 27

Physiological.

Question 28

What does the oesophageal plexus supply?

Answer 28

Smooth muscle within oesophagus walls.

Question 29

What does the oesophageal plexus contain?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic nerve fibres (vagal trunks) and sympathetic nerve fibres.

Question 30

Is the oesophagus posterior or anterior to the heart?

Answer 30

Posterior.

Question 31

Is the oesophagus posterior or anterior to the trachea?

Answer 31

Posterior.

Question 32

Is the oesophagus posterior or anterior to vertebral bodies?

Answer 32

Anterior.

Question 33

What is the name of the superior part of the stomach?

Answer 33

The Fundus.

Question 34

Which regions of the abdomen does the stomach lie in (mainly) when the patient is supine?

Answer 34

Left hypochondrium Epigastric Umbilical

Question 35

What is the name of the bend in the lesser curvature of the stomach (near its pyloric end)?

Answer 35

The Incisura Angularis

Question 36

What are the rugae in the stomach?

Answer 36

A series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of the stomach.