Abdominal Pain Anatomy

Question 1

The intestines are made up of the ____ intestines and the ____ intestines.

Answer 1

The intestines are made up of the small intestines and the large intestines.

Question 2

Approximately how many meters long is the small intestine?

Answer 2

7m

Question 3

The small intestines are made up of which 3 structures?

Answer 3

The duodenum
The jejunum
The ileum

Question 4

What is made up by the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum?

Answer 4

The small intestines.

Question 5

The large intestine, from proximal to distal, is made up of:

Answer 5

The colon
The rectum
The anal canal
The anus

Question 6

The colon consists of:

Answer 6

Caecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 7

The appendix is part of the ____ intestines.

Answer 7

The appendix is part of the large intestines.

Question 8

The caecum, the appendix. the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon are all part of the ______ intestines?

Answer 8

The caecum, the appendix. the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon are all part of the large intestines?

Question 9

What structure is between the stomach and jejunum?

Answer 9

The duodenum.

Question 10

What structure is between the ascending and descending colon?

Answer 10

The transverse colon.

Question 11

The liver is in the:

Foregut/Midgut/Hindgut.

Answer 11

Foregut.

Question 12

The spleen is in the:

Foregut/Midgut/Hindgut.

Answer 12

Foregut.

Question 13

The gallbladder is in the:

Foregut/Midgut/Hindgut.

Answer 13

Foregut.

Question 14

The pancreas is in the:

Foregut/Midgut/Hindgut.

Answer 14

Foregut and Midgut.

Question 15

The oesophagus is in the:

Foregut/Midgut/Hindgut.

Answer 15

Foregut.

Question 16

The distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon is in the:

Foregut/Midgut/Hindgut.

Answer 16

Hindgut.

Question 17

The proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon is in the:

Foregut/Midgut/Hindgut.

Answer 17

Midgut

Question 18

What is the perioneum?

Answer 18

A thin, transparent, semi-permeable, serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and organs.

Question 19

What cavity does the peritoneum create and what is this cavity like?

Answer 19

The peritoneal cavity.
(Between the visceral and parietal layers).
Thin, enclosed space containing a small amount of peritoneal fluid.

Question 20

What would cause severe and painful inflammation of the peritoneum?

Answer 20

Blood, pus or faeces in the peritoneal cavity.

Question 21

The liver is:

Intraperitoneal/ Retroperitoneal/With a Mesentery.

Answer 21

Intraperitoneal.

Question 22

The pancreas is:

Intraperitoneal/ Retroperitoneal/With a Mesentery.

Answer 22

Retroperitoneal

Question 23

The kidneys are:

Intraperitoneal/ Retroperitoneal/With a Mesentery.

Answer 23

Retroperitoneal.

Question 24

“Intraperitoneal” means:

Answer 24

Almost completely covered in visceral peritoneum.

Minimally mobile

Question 25

"Retroperitoneal" means:

Answer 25

Only has a visceral peritoneum on its anterior surface.

Question 26

"With a mesentery" means:

Answer 26

Covered in visceral peritoneum Visceral peritoneum wraps behind the organ to form a double layer – mesentery Mesentery suspends the organ from the posterior abdominal wall – very mobile

Question 27

What triad lives in the free edge of the lesser omentum?

Answer 27

The portal triad.

Question 28

How many pouches does the peritoneum form in the superior aspect of the pelvic organs in a male?

Answer 28

One. | The rectovesical pouch.

Question 29

How many pouches does the peritoneum form in the superior aspect of the pelvic organs in a female?

Answer 29

Two. The vesico-uterine pouch. The recto-uterine pouch.

Question 30

Is the rectovesical pouch found in men or women?

Answer 30

Men.

Question 31

Is the vesico-uterine pouch found in men or women?

Answer 31

Women.

Question 32

Is the recto-uterine pouch found in men or women?

Answer 32

Women.

Question 33

What is the name for the fluid that can collect within the peritoneal cavity as a result of pathology?

Answer 33

Ascitic Fluid. | The patient has "ascites"

Question 34

What is the name of the procedure by which ascitic fluid is drained from the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 34

Paracentesis.

Question 35

What is paracentesis?

Answer 35

The procedure by which ascitic fluid is drained from the peritoneal cavity.

Question 36

During paracentesis, where must the needle be placed? | Why?

Answer 36

Lateral to the rectus sheath. | This avoids the inferior epigastric artery.

Question 37

Pain felt in the right shoulder could be referred pain from the..

Answer 37

Liver or gallbladder.

Question 38

What is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 38

An extensive network of nerves found only within the walls of the GI tract which can act independently of other parts of the nervous system to bring about peristalsis but can also be influenced by autonomic motor nerves.

Question 39

Visceral afferents are _____ nerves.

Answer 39

Visceral afferents are sensory nerves.

Question 40

The nerves involved in pain in the abdominal wall are:

Answer 40

Somatic sensory nerves Somatic motor nerves Sympathetic nerve fibres

Question 41

The sympathetic nerve fibres (that go to the abdominal organs) leave the spinal cord at vertebral levels...

Answer 41

T5 and L2.

Question 42

The sympathetic nerve fibres (that go to the abdominal organs) leave the sympathetic chains within ________ nerves.

Answer 42

The sympathetic nerve fibres (that go to the abdominal organs) leave the sympathetic chains within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves.

Question 43

The sympathetic nerve fibres (that go to the abdominal organs) synapse at __________ ________ which are located.....

Answer 43

The sympathetic nerve fibres (that go to the abdominal organs) synapse at prevertebral ganglia which are located anterior to the aorta at the exit points of the major branches of the abdominal aorta.