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Virology > GI Viruses > Flashcards

GI Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Norovirus

A

caliciviridae family. no envelope icosahedral symmetry, ssRNA positive sense

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2
Q

what is noro resistant to

A

heat acid and ether

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3
Q

How many genogroups of noroviruses are there?

A

5

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4
Q

What is commonly implicated in noro outbreaks

A

foods that require handling but not cooking like sandwiches and salads

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5
Q

How many deaths in the developing countries from noro?

A

200,000 deaths in children <5

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6
Q

How many people have antibodies by age 5 to noro

A

50%

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7
Q

When is the peak season of noro

A

cold weather months

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8
Q

what is the transmission route of noro?

A

fecal-oral

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9
Q

What is the incubation period of noro

A

18-72 hours

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10
Q

how long does norovirus shed?

A

usually up to 72 hours after illness… sometimes weeks

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11
Q

How long does noro persist?

A

2-3 days

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12
Q

What makes one susceptible to noro infection?

A

H blood group carbohydrate antigens

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13
Q

How does one dx norovirus?

A 
1. lack of PMN's in the stool
Labs can do...
1. eletron microscopy
2. enzyme immunoassay
3. PCR
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14
Q

What happens with serology for noro?

A

Serum IgA, IgM, IgG generated

jejunal IgA seen 2 weeks after infection

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15
Q

Is there long-term immunity to noro?

A

4-6 months there is resistance, but this wanes over 2-3 years

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16
Q

What correlates with resistance to noro

A

lack of secretion of H blood roup antigens

17
Q

What is the tx for noro

A

supportive. oral fluid replacement… maybe intravenous if necessary

18
Q

What is the classifcation of rotavirus?

A

family: reoviridae. non-enveloped icosahedral. dsRNA 11 segments

19
Q

What is the epidemiology of rota?

A

Mostly kids (6 mos to 2 years). Infection is universal by 2-3 years

Kills 600,000 kids annually

20
Q

How is it spread? rota…

A

fecal-oral spread

21
Q

What is the incubation period of rota

A

1-3 days

22
Q

how long does the illness last?

A

2 phases

2-3 days of vomiting and fever
4-5 of watery diarrhea

23
Q

How long does someone shed virus?

A

4-10 days after resolution of the sx

24
Q

Is there long term immunity to rota?

A

reinfection is common, but little or no symptomatology. T cell immunity contributes to infection.

25
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of rotavirus

A

thought that NSP4 acts as an enterotoxin which increases calcium and leads to hypersecretion… could be the enteric nervous system

26
Q

How does one dx rota?

A

epidemiologically, but the clinical definition is so nonspecific
lab
1. electron microscopy
2. elisa for antigens (only group A)
3. RT-PCR
4. Tissue-culture (remember that noro cannot be grown in culture)

27
Q

What is the treatment of rotavirus?

A

oral rehydration and supportiveness. zinc supplementation

28
Q

What are the vaccines?

A

rotateq: approved 2006
rotarix: approved 2008

Virology (9 decks)

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