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Year 1: Drug Revision > GI: Treatment of GORD + Peptic Ulcers > Flashcards

GI: Treatment of GORD + Peptic Ulcers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aim of antacids?

A

To neutralise stomach acid

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2
Q

Name the 2 main examples of antacids

A

Aluminium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

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3
Q

When are antacids used?

A

Mild GORD

Dyspepsia

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4
Q

What is the side effect of aluminium based antacids?

A

Constipation

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5
Q

What is the side effect of magnesium based antacids?

A

Diarrhoea

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6
Q

What is omeprazole an example of?

A

A protein pump inhibitor (PPI)

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7
Q

What is the mode of action of proton pump inhibitors?

A

They block active pumps in the apical membrane (NOT tubulovesicles) preventing pumping of H+ ions

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8
Q

At what pH do PPIs become active?

A

Inactive and neutral pH and become active in the acidic canaliculus

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9
Q

What are PPI’s used to treat?

A

GORD
Peptic ulcer disease
H.Pylori eradication therapy
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

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10
Q

What is zollinger Ellison syndrome?

A

A gastrin secreting tumour of the pancreas

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11
Q

PPI’s undergo a conformational change in acidic pH to become which molecule?

A

A sulfenamide

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12
Q

What are the side effects of PPI’s?

A

Constipation/diarrhoea

Headache

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13
Q

What problem can arise with use of PPIs?

A

Nocturnal acid breakthrough

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14
Q

What is the mode of action of H2 receptor Antagonists?

A

Block the action of histamine secreted from enterocromaffin cells to decrease HCL production

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15
Q

In what way do H2 receptor antagonists block H2 receptors?

A

Competitively and reversibly

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16
Q

Name an example of a H2 receptor antagonist

A

Ranitidine

17
Q

What are H2 receptor antagonists used to treat?

A

GORD
Dyspepsia
Peptic ulcers

18
Q

What are the side effects of H2 receptor antagonists?

A

Hypotension
Headache
Constipation/diarrhoea

19
Q

What are sucralfate and bismuth chelate examples of?

A

Mucosal strengtheners

20
Q

What is the mode of action of mucosal strengtheners?

A

Bind to positively charged ulcer base to form protective mucosal barrier. Requires acidic environment

21
Q

What are mucosal strengtheners used to treat?

A

Peptic ulcers

GORD

22
Q

What is the main side effect of mucosal strengtheners?

A

Constipation

23
Q 
How do mucosal strengtheners affect:
A) Blood flow 
B) Mucus production
C) Bicarbonate production
D) Prostaglandin production
A

Increases them all

24
Q

What is drug treatment of peptic ulcers aimed at?

A

Decreased acid secretion
Increase in mucosal resistance
Eradication of H.Pylori

25
Q

Use of which drugs can cause peptic ulcers?

A

NSAIDS, e.g. ibuprofen

Aspirin

26
Q

Which drug can be given to reduce the gastric damage caused by long term NSAID use?

A

Misoprostol

27
Q

What type of drug is misoprostol?

A

A stable PGE1 analogue

Year 1: Drug Revision (15 decks)

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