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Year 1: Drug Revision > GI: Anti-Emetic Drugs > Flashcards

GI: Anti-Emetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the vomiting centre located?

A

The medulla

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2
Q

Where is the chemoreceptor trigger zone located?

A

Outside the blood-brain barrier

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3
Q

What are the complications of severe vomiting?

A

Mallory-Weiss tear
Loss of HCL- metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalaemia

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4
Q

What is the mode of action of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

A

Anti-emetics which block 5-HT3 receptors which are prevalent in chemoreceptor trigger zones

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5
Q

What are some examples of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

A

Ondansentron
Palonosentron
(End in ‘sentron’)

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6
Q

What is the main use of ondansentron/palonosentron?

A

Treatment of nausea/vomiting associated with chemo and radiotherapy

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7
Q

What are the side effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as ondansentron?

A

Headaches

Constipation

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8
Q

What is the mode of action of muscarinic acetyl choline receptor antagonists?

A

Block M1 + M3 receptors at the vomiting centre

Anti-spasmodic action

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9
Q

What are some examples of muscarinic acetyl choline receptor antagonists?

A

Hyoscine
Scopolamine
Mebeverine
(End in ‘ine’)

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10
Q

What are hyoscine, scopolamine and mebeverine used to treat?

A

Motion sickness

IBS

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11
Q

What are the side effects of muscarinic acetyl choline receptor antagonists?

A

Dry moth
Blurred vision
Urinary retention

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12
Q

What is the mode of action of H1 receptor antagonists?

A

Block H1 receptors in vomiting centre + vestibular apparatus

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13
Q

Give an example of a H1 receptor antagonist

A

Cyclizine

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14
Q

What is cyclizine used to treat?

A

Motion sickness
Vertigo
Postoperative nausea

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15
Q

What is the main side effect of cyclizine?

A

Drowsiness

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16
Q

When is cyclizine contraindicated?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

Prostatic hyperplasia

17
Q

What is the mode of action of dopamine receptor antagonists?

A

Block D2 receptors to increase gastric motility + emptying and duodenal peristalsis

18
Q

What are some examples of dopamine receptor antagonists?

A

Metaclopramide

Domperidone

19
Q

What are metaclopramide and domperidone used to treat?

A

Vomiting in GI disorders
Drug induced Vomiting
Gastroparesis

20
Q

What is the main side effect of dopamine receptor antagonists?

A

Drowsiness

21
Q

When are metaclopramine/domperidone contraindicated?

A

GI obstruction/perforation

22
Q

What is aprepitant?

A

A NK1 receptor antagonist

23
Q

When is aprepitant used?

A

In conjunction with ondansentron in highly emetogenic chemotherapy

24
Q

What is nabilone?

A

A cannabinoid anti-emetic

Year 1: Drug Revision (15 decks)

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