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Block 10 week 4 > GI Tract II-Usera > Flashcards

GI Tract II-Usera Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four anatomical regions of the stomach?

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylorus
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2
Q

The stomach epithelial cells have (blank) cells lining surface and pits of the entire stomach.
(blank and blank) cells are located in the body and fundus

A

Mucous cells

Chief and parietal cells

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3
Q

What are the endocrine cells found in the body and fundus of the stomach?

A

ECL-aid in production of gastric acid via the release of histamine.

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4
Q

What endocrine cells are found in the antrum?

A
  • G (gastrin)
  • D (somatostatin)
  • Enterochromaffin (serotonin)
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5
Q

Where are these found:

straight tubular glands that synthesize gastric juice

A

Fundus body

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6
Q

What are the straight tubular glands found in the fundus/body lined by? What do they glands contain?

A

surface mucous cells and gastric pits

parietal and chief cells

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7
Q

Parietal cells are (blank) and secrete (blank)

A 
eosinophilic
intrinsic factor (vit B12)
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8
Q

Chief cells are (Blank) and secrete (blank)

A

basophilic

pepsin

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9
Q

What do they glands look like in the cardia/antrum?

A

branched and coiled and the gastric pits occupy half the thickness of the mucosa

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10
Q

What are the glands lined by in the cardia/antrum? Do you find parietal cells in the antrum/cardia?

A
  • mucus-secreting cells

- small number

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11
Q

The gastric lumen has an acidic pH of (blank), therefore there is potential for damage to the mucosa

A

1

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12
Q

What are the mechanisms for protection of the gastric lumen due to the acidic pH?

A
  • Mucin secreted from foveolar cells that prevents food from touching the epithelium
  • Mucus layer promotes the formation of a (neutral pH) layer of fluid over the epithelium
  • Rich vascular supply deliver O2, bicarb and nutrients and washes away acid that has back diffused into the LP
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13
Q

Acute and chronic gastritis occurs where this a breakdown of (blank)

A

protective mechanims

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14
Q

What is acute gastritis?

What are the clinical features?

A

transient mucosal inflammatory process

  • asymptomatic
  • epigastric pain
  • N/V
  • Hematemesis
  • Melena
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15
Q

What are the causes of acute gastritis?

A 
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
H. pylori infection
Aspirin
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Gastric hyperacidity
Duodenal-gastric reflux
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16
Q

(Blank) inflammation is the preferred term for acute gastritis

A

active

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17
Q

In acute gastritis, the presence of (bank) within the mucosa denotes active inflammation

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

In acute gastric ulcers, there is erosion and ulceration. In an erosion what happens?

A

-loss of superficial epithelium, defect limited to the LP

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19
Q

What is an ulceration?

A

Loss of epithelium deeper than an erosion. Includes a layer of necrosis, inflammation and granulation tissue

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20
Q

What are the types of acute gastric ulcers?

A

Stress ulcers
Curling ulcers
Cushing ulcers

21
Q

What kind of ulcers do patients with shock get?

A

Stress ulcers

22
Q

What kind of ulcers occur in the proximal duodenum and are associated with severe burns or trauma?

A

Curling ulcers

23
Q

What kind of ulcers occur in the gastric, duodenuml, or esophagus in patients with intracranial disease?

A

Cushing ulcers

24
Q

What are the clinical features of chronic gastritis?

What are the causes?

A
  • N/V
  • upper abdominal discomfort
H. pylori
psychological stress
caffeine
alcohol
tobacco
25
Q

What is this:
a spiral shaped or curved bacilli
present in almost all patients w/ duodenal ulcers and the majority of pnts with gastric ulcers and chronic gastritis (90%)

A

H. pylori

26
Q

H pylori normally affects the (blank) and causes gastritis here with high (blank) production

A

antrum

acid production

27
Q

In patients w/ H. pylori of the fundus/body, creates a condition called (blank) that is charactered by (blank x 3)

A

multifocal atrophic gastritis

reduced acid secretion
intestinal metaplasia
increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma

28
Q

Autoimmune gastritis accounts for (blank)% of chronic gastritis. What is another name for autoimmune gastritis?

A

<10%

-chronic atrophic gastritis

29
Q

What does autoimmune gastritis affect?

A

the body/fundus of the stomach

30
Q

What is autoimmune gastritis characterized by?

A
  • antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor
  • reduced serum pepsinogen I concentration (due to chilef cell destruction)
  • antral endocrine cell hyperplasia (G cells with hypergastrinemia)
  • Vit b12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
  • achloryhydria
31
Q

What is this:
foveolar hyperplasia, mucosal edema and glandular regenerative changes

What are the causes?

A

Reactive gastropathy

Chemical injury, NSAIDs, bile reflux, mucosal trauma

32
Q

What is this:
Dense infiltrates of eosinophils in the mucosa and muscularis

What are the causes?

A

Eosinophilic gastritis

allergens, parasitic infection, H. pylori, collagen vascular disease

33
Q

(blank) is usually idiopathic but some are associated with celiac disease.

A

Lymphocytic gastritis

34
Q

What is associated with granulomatous gastritis?

A 
Crohn’s disease
Sarcoidosis
Mycobacteria
Fungi
CMV
H. pylori
35
Q

(blank) occurs in any portion of the GI tract exposed to gastric acid. It is most offten associated with (blank and blank).

A

PUD

H. pylori gastritis and chronic gastritis

36
Q

What is PUD due to?

A

imbalance of mucosal defenses and damaging forces

37
Q

PUD is seen in conditions that increase gastric acidity such as?

A 
H. pylori infection
Parietal cell hyperplasia
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
NSAIDs
Cigarette smoking
High-dose steroids
38
Q

What is this:
Nodules or masses that protrude above the level of the surrounding mucosa

May result due to (blank x 4)

A

polyps

Epithelial or stromal hyperplasia
Inflammation
Ectopia
Neoplasia

39
Q

What makes up 75% of gastric polyps? It develops in association with (blank)

A 
Inflammatory/hyperplastic polyps
chronic gastritis (reactive hyperplasia)
40
Q

A fundic gland polyp occurs sporadically in those with (blank) and seen in patients on (blank)

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

PPIs

41
Q

What is this:
occur in the background of chronic gastritis with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.

Increased incidence in (blank)

A

adenoma

FAP

42
Q

What is the most common carcinoma of the stomach (90%)? Where does it occur most often in the stomach?
What are the 2 major histologic types?

A

adenocarcinoma

  • antrum and the lesser curvature
  • intestinal type and diffuse type (linitus plastica)
43
Q

(blank) is 5% of gastric malignancies.

Where do they arise from and in whom?

A

primary lymphoma

bone marrow and organ transplant patients

44
Q

What is the most common type of lymphoma?
In the gut they are called lymphomas of (blank)
The second most common type is (blank)

A

extra nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma

MALT

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

45
Q

(blank) arise at sites of chronic inflammation (H. pylori). How do you treat it?

A

MALToma

antibiotics

46
Q

(blank) are formerly called carcinoids and may produce a syndrome depending on the hormone being produced

A

Neuroendocrine tumors

47
Q

Neuroendocrine tumors may be associated with (blank x 3)

A
  • endocrine cell hyperplasia
  • chronic atrophic gastritis
  • zollinger-ellison syndrome
48
Q

What is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the abdomen? what do they arise from

A

GI stromal tumor

interstitial cell of cajal

Block 10 week 4 (10 decks)

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